Differences in Covid-19 mortality among persons 70 years and older in an integrated care setting in region Stockholm: a multi-level analysis between March 2020-February 2021.

Background: In Norrtälje municipality, within Region Stockholm, there is a joint integrated care organisation providing health and social care, which may have facilitated a more coordinated response to the covid-19 pandemic compared to the otherwise decentralised Swedish system. This study compares the risk of covid-19 mortality among persons 70 years and older, in the municipalities of Stockholm, Södertälje, and Norrtälje, while considering area and individual risk factors.

Methods: A population-based study using linked register data to examine covid-19 mortality among those 70 + years (N = 127,575) within the municipalities of interest between the periods March-August 2020 and September 2020-February 2021.

Are the estimated needs for mental health care among adolescents from different socioeconomic backgrounds met equally in Sweden? A longitudinal survey-registry linkage study.

Evidence of inequality in the utilisation of mental health care (MHC) by adolescents in Nordic countries is mixed. This study aims to investigate if there are socioeconomic differences in the utilisation of MHC, while accounting for adolescents' mental health status. We analysed a cohort of 3517 adolescents, followed from 7 to 9th grade (ages 13-16), to examine the association between parental socioeconomic position (SEP: education and disposable income), adolescents' estimated needs, and the utilisation of MHC (defined as visits to secondary psychiatric care or receipt of psychotropic medication).

Individual and neighborhood risk factors of hospital admission and death during the COVID-19 pandemic: a population-based cohort study.

Background: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) disproportionately affects minority populations in the USA. Sweden - like other Nordic countries - have less income and wealth inequality but lacks data on the socioeconomic impact on the risk of adverse outcomes due to COVID-19.

Methods: This population-wide study from March 2020 to March 2022 included all adults in Stockholm, except those in nursing homes or receiving in-home care.

Detection and follow-up of chronic health conditions in Rio de Janeiro - the impact of residency training in family medicine.

Background: There is a need for evidence that residency training in family medicine can benefit the care of patients in primary care in low- and middle-income countries. We tested the hypothesis that two years of residency training in family medicine enables doctors to better detect chronic health conditions while requesting fewer laboratory tests and providing more follow-up visits.

Methods: We performed a retrospective longitudinal observational analysis of medical consultations from 2013 to 2018 in primary care in Rio de Janeiro, comparing doctors without residency training in family medicine (Generalists) versus family physicians (FPs).

Impact of Integrated Care on the Rate of Hospitalization for Ambulatory Care Sensitive Conditions among Older Adults in Stockholm County: An Interrupted Time Series Analysis.

Introduction: Reducing avoidable hospital admissions is often viewed as a possible positive consequence of introducing integrated care (IC). The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of implementing IC in Norrtälje on the rate of admissions for ambulatory care sensitive conditions (ACSC).

Method: Using interrupted time series analyses we investigated the effect of implementing IC in Norrtälje municipality in the northern part of Stockholm county, Sweden.

Thirty-year trends in dementia: a nationwide population study of Swedish inpatient records.

Background: The continuous growth of the current dementia epidemic is contingent on the stability of age- and sex-specific trends over time. However, recent evidence suggests declining or stable trends. The aim of this study was to evaluate the real-world changes in the burden of dementia in older adults in Sweden from 1987 to 2016 by estimating age- and sex-specific incidence of dementia diagnosis in hospital inpatient records (dementia incidence).

Does parity worsen diabetes-related chronic complications in women with type 1 diabetes?

Aim: To determine the relationship between parity, glycemic control, cardiovascular risk factors and diabetes-related chronic complications in women with type 1 diabetes.

Methods: This was a multicenter cross-sectional study conducted between December 2008 and December 2010 in 28 public clinics in 20 cities from the 4 Brazilian geographic regions. Data were obtained from 1532 female patients, 59.

Air pollution and its impacts on health in Vitoria, Espirito Santo, Brazil.

Objective: To analyze the impact of air pollution on respiratory and cardiovascular morbidity of children and adults in the city of Vitoria, state of Espirito Santo.

Methods: A study was carried out using time-series models via Poisson regression from hospitalization and pollutant data in Vitoria, ES, Southeastern Brazil, from 2001 to 2006. Fine particulate matter (PM10), sulfur dioxide (SO2), and ozone (O3) were tested as independent variables in simple and cumulative lags of up to five days.

Socioeconomic Status and in-hospital Mortality of Acute Coronary Syndrome: Can Education and Occupation Serve as Preventive Measures?

Background: Socioeconomic status (SES) can greatly affect the clinical outcome of medical problems. We sought to assess the in-hospital mortality of patients with the acute coronary syndrome (ACS) according to their SES.

Methods: All patients admitted to Tehran Heart Center due to 1(st)-time ACS between March 2004 and August 2011 were assessed.

A repeated measurement study investigating the impact of school outdoor environment upon physical activity across ages and seasons in Swedish second, fifth and eighth graders.

Background: School children are confined to and exposed to outdoor environment that happens to be at their disposal during compulsory school time. The health-promoting potential of outdoor environment, and the use of it, is therefore important. We have studied the impact of school outdoor environment in terms of playground features, space, topography and vegetation upon the patterns of moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) across ages and seasons in Swedish pupils at compulsory school.

The influence of social relationships on obesity: sex differences in a longitudinal study.

Objective: To investigate the effect of five dimensions of social relationships on obesity and potential sex differences in these associations.

Design And Methods: This study used longitudinal data from the Swedish Level of Living Surveys (LNU) in 1991 and 2000. The sample included 3,586 individuals.

Individual and community-level socioeconomic position and its association with adolescents experience of childhood sexual abuse: a multilevel analysis of six countries in Sub-Saharan Africa.

Background: Childhood sexual abuse (CSA) is a substantial global health and human rights problem and consequently a growing concern in sub-Saharan Africa. We examined the association between individual and community-level socioeconomic status (SES) and the likelihood of reporting CSA.

Methods: We applied multiple multilevel logistic regression analysis on Demographic and Health Survey data for 6,351 female adolescents between the ages of 15 and 18 years from six countries in sub-Saharan Africa, between 2006 and 2008.

Multicity study of air pollution and mortality in Latin America (the ESCALA study).

Introduction: The ESCALA* project (Estudio de Salud y Contaminación del Aire en Latinoamérica) is an HEI-funded study that aims to examine the association between exposure to outdoor air pollution and mortality in nine Latin American cities, using a common analytic framework to obtain comparable and updated information on the effects of air pollution on several causes of death in different age groups. This report summarizes the work conducted between 2006 and 2009, describes the methodologic issues addressed during project development, and presents city-specific results of meta-analyses and meta-regression analyses.

Methods: The ESCALA project involved three teams of investigators responsible for collection and analysis of city-specific air pollution and mortality data from three different countries.

Is gender policy related to the gender gap in external cause and circulatory disease mortality? A mixed effects model of 22 OECD countries 1973-2008.

Background: Gender differences in mortality vary widely between countries and over time, but few studies have examined predictors of these variations, apart from smoking. The aim of this study is to investigate the link between gender policy and the gender gap in cause-specific mortality, adjusted for economic factors and health behaviours.

Methods: 22 OECD countries were followed 1973-2008 and the outcomes were gender gaps in external cause and circulatory disease mortality.

A comparative study of the socioeconomic factors associated with childhood sexual abuse in sub-Saharan Africa.

Background: Childhood sexual abuse (CSA) is a problem of considerable proportion in Africa where up to one-third of adolescent girls report their first sexual experience as being forced. The impact of child hood sexual abuse resonates in all areas of health. The aim of this study was to describe the prevalence of childhood sexual abuse and variations across socioeconomic status in six sub-Saharan countries.

Assessment of Cardiorespiratory Fitness without Exercise in Elderly Men with Chronic Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases.

Low cardiorespiratory (CRF) is associated with health problems in elderly people, especially cardiovascular and metabolic disease. However, physical limitations in this population frequently preclude the application of aerobic tests. We developed a model to estimate CRF without aerobic testing in older men with chronic cardiovascular and metabolic diseases.

High-protein diet promotes a moderate postpartum weight loss in a prospective cohort of Brazilian women.

Objective: Whether a high-protein (HP) diet promotes body weight loss (BWL) when compared with a low-protein (LP) diet is still unclear. Therefore, we evaluated the effects of an HP diet on BWL during postpartum.

Methods: A food-frequency questionnaire with 81 items was applied at 6 mo after delivery to evaluate the diet of 430 postpartum women aged 18-45 y.

Statistical modelling needed to find the effects from a community-based elderly safety promotion program.

Background: Multiple control areas and time-series analyses have been recommended for effect evaluations of community-based health promotion. Large fluctuations, maybe due to chance, among the areas and over the years might obscure the intervention effect.

Methods: A quasi-experimental time-series analysis with several control areas was performed as an effect evaluation of a community-based elderly safety promotion program.

The area-based social patterning of injuries among 10 to 19 year olds. Changes over time in the Stockholm County.

Background: Area-based studies of childhood injuries strongly suggest that neighborhood socio-demographic and economic circumstances impact on various - though not all - types of injuries. The primary aim of this study was to investigate the stability over time of the association between area characteristics and childhood injuries of various causes.

Methods: Register-based and ecological, the study encompassed Stockholm County's 138 parishes, and considered two time periods (1993-95; 2003-05).

[Air quality and acute respiratory disorders in children].

Objective: To assess the relationship between air pollution and acute respiratory disorders in children.

Methods: A time series ecological study was carried out in three public health posts in a region of the city of Rio de Janeiro (Southeastern Brazil), between April 2002 and March 2003. Data for PM10, SO2, NO2, CO and O3 were analyzed daily and as closure variables, a total of 45,595 emergency pediatric consultations for respiratory symptoms or specifically for disorders in the upper and lower airways.

[Association between preventive care provided in public dental services and caries prevalence].

Objective: To assess the association between preventive care provided in public dental services and young people's oral health.

Methods: Oral health data on 4,033 young people aged 15 to 19 years living in 85 municipalities of the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Southern Brazil, were obtained from the national oral health survey "Saúde Bucal Brasil 2003" for the period 2002-2003. The following variables were studied: age, gender, income, education, time elapsed since last dental visit, reason for dental visit, and water fluoridation.

Differences in child injury hospitalizations in Sweden: the use of time-trend analysis to compare various community injury-prevention approaches.

Aim: Sweden's child injury fatality rates are among the lowest in the world. The country has engaged in a number of community injury-prevention programmes. The purpose of this study was to compare child injury hospitalization rates from the Skaraborg District with the rest of Sweden.

[Socioeconomic context and perceived oral health in an adult population in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil: A multilevel analysis].

One of the main limitations of the ecological design is aggregation bias. The problem can be addressed by designs that use small contextual hierarchical units with internal homogeneity. This study aimed to compare different geographic data structures in order to explore contextual effects of socioeconomic variables on the odds of perceived poor oral health.