CPR Quality Assessment in Schoolchildren Training.

Whilst CPR training is widely recommended, quality of performance is infrequently explored. We evaluated whether a checklist can be an adequate tool for chest compression quality assessment in schoolchildren, compared with a real-time software. This observational study (March 2019-2020) included 104 schoolchildren with no previous CPR training (11-17 years old, 66 girls, 84 primary schoolchildren, 20 high schoolchildren).

The lack of knowledge on acute stroke in Brazil: A cross-sectional study with children, adolescents, and adults from public schools.

Objective: Stroke is an important cause of disability and death in adults worldwide. However, it is preventable in most cases and treatable as long as patients recognize it and reach capable medical facilities in time. This community-based study investigated students' stroke knowledge, Emergency Medical Services (EMS) activation, associated risk factors, warning signs and symptoms, and prior experience from different educational levels in the KIDS SAVE LIVES BRAZIL project.

Training Non-Cardiologists Could Improve the Treatment Results of ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction.

Background: According to the World Health Organization, emerging countries will have an enormous growth in the number of heart attacks and related deaths. The main medical issue in Brazil is mortality caused by acute ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). The Society of Cardiology in the State of São Paulo has never trained non-cardiologists as emergency personnel.

Biochemical markers of muscle damage and high serum concentration of creatine kinase in patients on statin therapy.

Some patients experience statin-associated muscle symptoms (SAMS) and elevated serum concentrations of CK. The relationship between SAMS and biomarkers of muscle damage was examined. We analyzed 359 consecutive patients taking statins with high CK values.

Cerebral blood flow changes during intermittent acute hypoxia in patients with heart failure.

Objective Heart failure (HF) is associated with intermittent hypoxia, and the effects of this hypoxia on the cardiovascular system are not well understood. This study was performed to compare the effects of acute hypoxia (10% oxygen) between patients with and without HF. Methods Fourteen patients with chronic HF and 17 matched control subjects were enrolled.

Serum concentrations and gene expression of sirtuin 1 in healthy and slightly overweight subjects after caloric restriction or resveratrol supplementation: A randomized trial.

Background: Sirtuin 1 (Sirt1) plays an important role in vascular biology, and influences aspects of age-dependent atherosclerosis. In animals, the sirtuin system is strongly influenced by resveratrol and caloric restriction, but its expression in humans is controversial. This study investigated the effects of resveratrol and caloric restriction on Sirt1 serum concentrations and vascular biomarkers in a healthy human population.

Accuracy of multidetector computed tomography for detection of coronary artery stenosis in acute coronary syndrome compared with stable coronary disease: a CORE64 multicenter trial substudy.

Background: Multi-detector computed tomography angiography (MDCTA) is a promising method for risk assessment of patients with acute chest pain. However, its diagnostic performance in higher-risk patients has not been investigated in a large international multicenter trial. Therefore, in the present study we sought to estimate the diagnostic accuracy of MDCTA to detect significant coronary stenosis in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS).

Lipid transfers to HDL are predictors of precocious clinical coronary heart disease.

Background: High-density-lipoprotein (HDL) has several antiatherogenic properties and, although the concentration of HDL-cholesterol negatively correlates with incidence of coronary artery disease (CAD), this is not sufficient to evaluate the overall HDL protective role. The aim was to investigate whether precocious CAD patients show abnormalities in lipid transfers to HDL, a fundamental step in HDL metabolism and function.

Methods: Thirty normocholesterolemic CAD patients aged <50 y and 30 controls paired for sex, age and B.

Changes in cardiac heparan sulfate proteoglycan expression and streptozotocin-induced diastolic dysfunction in rats.

Background: Changes in the proteoglycans glypican and syndecan-4 have been reported in several pathological conditions, but little is known about their expression in the heart during diabetes. The aim of this study was to investigate in vivo heart function changes and alterations in mRNA expression and protein levels of glypican-1 and syndecan-4 in cardiac and skeletal muscles during streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes.

Methods: Diabetes was induced in male Wistar rats by STZ administration.

Elective vs non-elective radial artery grafts: comparing midterm results through 64-Slice computed tomography.

Background: Left internal thoracic artery to left anterior descending artery (LITA-LADA) grafting has become a fundamental part of the coronary artery bypass graft procedure (CABG). This grafting in turn has led to an increased use of other arterial conduits, of which the radial artery (RA) is most popular. Whether RA grafting can be used in the emergency patient is controversial.

Silent myocardial ischemia in patients with stable coronary artery disease receiving conventional antianginal drug therapy.

Background: Few data are available on the behavior of myocardial ischemia during daily activities in patients with coronary artery disease receiving antianginal drug therapy.

Objective: To study the mechanism generating myocardial ischemia by evaluating blood pressure and heart rate changes in patients with stable atherosclerotic disease receiving drug therapy and with evidence of myocardial ischemia.

Methods: Fifty non-hospitalized patients (40 males) underwent 24-hour electrocardiographic monitoring synchronized with blood pressured monitoring.

Effects of carvedilol treatment in dogs with chronic mitral valvular disease.

Background: Stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system occurs during the development of heart failure in dogs with chronic mitral valvular disease (CMVD).

Hypothesis: The use of beta-blockers to modulate the activation of the sympathetic nervous system would be useful in dogs with CMVD.

Animals: Group A included 13 dogs who received the conventional treatment (digoxin, benazepril, a reduced sodium diet, and codeine, and a diuretic when indicated), and group B included 12 dogs who received the protocol above plus carvedilol (0.

The S447X polymorphism of lipoprotein lipase: effect on the incidence of premature coronary disease and on plasma lipids.

Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of polymorphism S447X on plasma lipids of patients with premature coronary artery disease (CAD).

Methods: Plasma lipids and genotypes were determined in 2 groups: 313 patients with premature CAD (<55 years of age) and 150 controls without CAD.

Results: Frequency of the S447X polymorphism was 18% in patients with CAD and 23% in the control group.

Outcome of adults with asymptomatic severe aortic stenosis.

Objectives: To evaluate clinical and echocardiographic variables that could be used to predict outcomes in patients with asymptomatic severe aortic valve stenosis. Management of asymptomatic severe aortic stenosis is controversial. Because prophylactic surgery may be protective, independent predictors of events that could justify early surgery have been sought.

Platelet glycoprotein Ibalpha polymorphisms modulate the risk for myocardial infarction.

Platelet glycoprotein Iba (GPIba) gene polymorphisms have been reported to affect the risk of developing coronary heart disease. Here, within the GPIba gene, we determine the association between the variable number of tandem repeats (VNTR), the -5C/T Kozak sequence dimorphism, and the human platelet antigen (HPA)-2 polymorphisms with occurrence of myocardial infarction (MI). Patients (n=180) presenting survivors of MI were compared to 180 controls matched by age, gender, and race.

PON1 M/L55 mutation protects high-risk patients against coronary artery disease.

The paraoxonase (PON) gene family contains at least three members: PON1, PON2, and PON3. The enzyme PON1 has been implicated in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Recently, an association between PON2 and quantitative metabolic phenotypes, such as plasma lipoproteins, plasma glucose, and coronary artery disease (CAD), has been reported.

The pre-existence of an acute coronary event predicts differences in biological parameters and clinical evolution among patients with longstanding stable angina.

Background: To date, patients displaying stable angina with or without a previous acute coronary event have been grouped together and are offered nowadays, similar clinical approach. However, from clinical experience, increasing doubt exists whether they behave clinically in the same way. In the current study, we investigated whether differences might exist in the clinical, angiographic and biological parameters between these two distinct clinical presentations.