Necrosis, netosis, and apoptosis in pulmonary tuberculosis and type-2 diabetes mellitus. Clues from the patient's serum.

Pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are two inflammatory diseases whose pathology involves neutrophils (NEU) as key participants. Countless inflammatory elements produced at the lesion sites leak into the blood and are distributed systemically. The study aimed to investigate the effect of the serum of patients with PTB, T2DM, and PTB + T2DM on the cellular and nuclear morphology of healthy NEU.

Comparison of CD4+/CD8+ Lymphocytic Subpopulations Pre- and Post-Antituberculosis Treatment in Patients with Diabetes and Tuberculosis.

Is there a CD4+ and CD8+ immunity alteration in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) and diabetes (DM) that does not recover after antituberculosis treatment? This prospective comparative study evaluated CD4+ and CD8+ lymphocytic subpopulations and antituberculosis antibodies in patients with diabetes and tuberculosis (TB-DM), before and after antituberculosis treatment. CD4+ T cell counts were lower in patients with TB-DM compared to those with only TB or only DM, and these levels remained low even after two months of anti-TB treatment. Regarding the CD8+ T cell analysis, we identified higher blood values in the DM-only group, which may be explained by the high prevalence of latent tuberculosis (LTBI) in patients with DM.

A novel methodology for NETs visualization under light microscopy.

Neutrophils are the most abundant leukocytes in the bloodstream and are very important for the resolution of infection. One of the strategies used by neutrophils to eliminate a microorganism is the formation of extracellular traps. Different methods for neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) visualization have been described along the years, usually requiring the use of a fluorescent, confocal or scanning electron microscope.