Bladder and Bowel Dysfunction Rehabilitation in Children with Acquired Brain Injury.

To evaluate neurogenic bladder and bowel dysfunction (NBBD) in children with cerebral palsy (CP) and acquired brain injury (ABI), a condition considered less frequent in those patients than in children with spinal cord injury (SCI), and to study the relationship between NBBD and disability grade in this population. We retrospectively reviewed the clinical data of all patients (aged 3-18 years old) admitted during a three-month observation in our neurorehabilitation department. Data collected were as follows: demographic parameters; disability status (Wee-FIM Scale, Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) and the Communication Function Classification System); and gastrointestinal and urological symptoms (diaries, Bristol scale, Pad Test and International Consultation on Incontinence Modular Questionnaire).

Lower Urinary Tract Dysfunction in Pediatric Patients with Multiple Sclerosis: Diagnostic and Management Concerns.

Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is increasing in the pediatric population and, as in adults, symptoms vary among patients. In children the first manifestations can sometimes overlap with acute neurological symptoms. Urological symptoms have not been much studied in childhood.

Megacystis-microcolon-intestinal hypoperistalsis syndrome: don't forget the bladder.

Purpose: Megacystis-microcolon-intestinal hypoperistalsis syndrome (MMIHS) is a well described clinical condition, but reports are focused on microcolon and intestinal hypoperistalsis, while data on bladder management are scant. Aim of the study is to present urological concerns in MMIHS.

Methods: Retrospective evaluation of clinical data on urological management of MMIHS patients treated in the last 10 years.

Anorectal malformation, urethral duplication, occult spinal dysraphism (ARM-UD-OSD): a challenging uncommon association.

Purpose: Urethral duplication (UD) is a rare malformation, which can be associated with other anomalies, like anorectal malformations (ARM). ARM has been described with occult spinal dysraphism (OSD). No ARM-UD-OSD combination has been reported.

Button Cystostomy: Is it Really a Safe and Effective Therapeutic Option in Pediatric Patients With Neurogenic Bladder?

Objective: To define safety and effectiveness of cystostomy button in the management of bladder drainage in pediatric patients with neurogenic bladder, and report our personalized surgical technique.

Materials And Methods: This study is a retrospective analysis of patients undergoing cystostomy button placement for bladder drainage from October 2009 to December 2015. Endoscopic and open surgical techniques and medium-term complication were analyzed and indications were recorded.

Prenatal Features of Bladder Agenesis in a Female Fetus with Genital Transposition.

Bladder agenesis is a rare condition, mostly affecting females, where diagnosis is usually made in infancy when investigating urinary incontinence. Neonatal cases are uncommon, and none have been reported antenatally. The few male patients with this condition rarely survive: among associated anomalies, different degrees of penoscrotal transposition are the most evident feature.

Spinal ultrasound in patients with anorectal malformations: is this the end of an era?

Purpose: Even if lumbar magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is considered the gold standard in the diagnosis of occult spinal dysraphism (SD) in patients with anorectal malformations (ARMs), spinal ultrasound (US) performed up to 5 months of life have been largely used as a screening test. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the accuracy in terms of sensibility and specificity of neonatal US to detect occult SD in patients with ARMs.

Methods: Retrospective analysis of all patients treated for ARMs between 1999 and 2013 at our institution who underwent both spinal US (up to 5 months of life) and MRI.

A simplified technique for botulinum toxin injections in children with neurogenic bladder.

Purpose: Botulinum toxin type A has revolutionized the treatment of neurogenic bladder dysfunction. The original injection technique used a rigid cystoscope and a flexible collagen needle. To date botulinum toxin type A injection techniques have not been standardized.