The Cosine Law to Choose the Correct Forceps Shaft Length for Macular Surgery in Highly Myopic Eyes.

Purpose: To demonstrate a mathematical analogy between the Pythagorean theorem using the axial a-scan measurement, i.e., the distance between the central cornea and the sclerotomy, and the lengths of the forceps in eyes of patients with all axial lengths.

Unmeasurable small size superficial and deep foveal avascular zone in nanophthalmos: the Collaborative Nanophthalmos OCTA Study.

Aim: To study the macular structure and vasculature in consecutive nanophthalmic eyes using optical coherence tomography angiography.

Methods: This is a prospective, multicentre, cross-sectional study of patients with nanophthalmos (one or both eyes). The superficial and deep foveal avascular zones (FAZ) were measured both manually and with the machine's built-in automated measurement tool.

Physiologic and Psychologic Risk Factors in Central Serous Chorioretinopathy.

Purpose: Central serous chorioretinopathy (CSCR) is characterized by macular detachment due to thickened choroid, mostly affecting young men under perceived stress. Although most previous studies on CSCR have been retrospective and have focused on a single facet of the patient's personality, we conducted a prospective, intercontinental, controlled study to analyze the multifaceted personality profile in CSCR.

Design: Prospective, cross-sectional, case-control study.

Evaluation of patients with diffuse unilateral subacute neuroretinitis by spectral domain optical coherence tomography with enhanced depth imaging.

Background: The purpose of this study was to determine the value of spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) in assessing patients with diffuse unilateral subacute neuroretinitis (DUSN).

Methods: This was an observational case series with clinical imaging correlation performed at the Retina and Vitreous Institute of Londrina and State University of Londrina, Paraná, Brazil. The series comprised ten consecutive patients with a confirmed diagnosis of DUSN, ie, seven patients with late-stage disease and three with early-stage disease, who were assessed by SD-OCT for mean macular, retinal nerve fiber layer, and choroidal thickness using enhanced depth imaging software.

Clinical features and outcomes of patients with diffuse unilateral subacute neuroretinitis treated with oral albendazole.

Purpose: To investigate the clinical features, visual function outcomes, and adverse events in patients with diffuse unilateral subacute neuroretinitis (DUSN) treated with high-dose oral albendazole.

Design: Interventional case series.

Methods: Twelve Brazilian patients, aged 7 through 36 years, with active DUSN in the early or late clinical stage, were recruited for this study between 1999 and 2001.