Antimicrobial resistance and associated risk factors in isolated from Peruvian dogs: A focus on extended-spectrum β-lactamases and colistin.

Background And Aim: Established antimicrobial resistance (AMR) surveillance in companion animals is lacking, particularly in low-middle-income countries. The aim of this study was to analyze AMR and its risk factors in isolated from dogs at two veterinary centers in Lima (Peru).

Materials And Methods: Ninety dogs were included in the study.

Regional clustering and waves patterns due to COVID-19 by the index virus and the lambda/gamma, and delta/omicron SARS-CoV-2 variants in Peru.

Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) impact varies substantially due to various factors, so it is critical to characterize its main differences to inform decision-makers about where to focus their interventions and differentiate mitigation strategies. Up to this date, little is known about the patterns and regional clustering of COVID-19 waves worldwide.

Methods: We assessed the patterns and regional clustering of COVID-19 waves in Peru by using the weekly mortality rates for each of the 25 regions as an outcome of interest.

High Anti-Interferon-Alpha Autoantibody Levels in Severe/Critical COVID-19 Patients from Peru.

Innate immune responses through the production of type I interferon-α (anti-IFN-α) play an essential role in the defense against viruses. The autoantibodies (auto-Abs) anti-IFN-α are implicated in COVID-19 pathogenesis with higher levels among patients with worse prognoses. The study aimed to assess the levels of anti-IFN-α auto-Abs in Peruvian patients with severe/critical hospitalized COVID-19 compared to asymptomatic/mild COVID-19 outpatients and healthy controls.

Dengue and COVID-19 Co-Circulation in the Peruvian Amazon: A Population-Based Study.

The COVID-19 pandemic affected the main Amazon cities dramatically, with Iquitos City reporting the highest seroprevalence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies during the first COVID-19 wave worldwide. This phenomenon raised many questions about the possibility of a co-circulation of dengue and COVID-19 and its consequences. We carried out a population-based cohort study in Iquitos, Peru.

Monkeypox in Latin America and the Caribbean: assessment of the first 100 days of the 2022 outbreak.

During the 2022 monkeypox (mpox) epidemic's first 100 days, 99 non-endemic countries, including 25 Latin American and Caribbean (LAC) countries, reported >64,000 cases. We aim to assess the cases' introduction, epidemiological profile, initial response, transmission dynamics, and main challenges ahead among LAC countries during the first 100 days of the mpox 2022 epidemic. We used mixed methods, including desktop research and open data analysis.

Femicides and Victim's age-Associated Factors in Peru.

. Femicides are an increasing social problem worldwide. In this study, we aim to describe the trend of femicides in the prepandemic decade and characterize the femicide victims and their perpetrators.

Spatiotemporal Surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 in the Sewage of Three Major Urban Areas in Peru: Generating Valuable Data Where Clinical Testing Is Extremely Limited.

Peru has been severely affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. By January 2022, Peru had surpassed 200 000 COVID-19 deaths, constituting the highest death rate per capita worldwide. Peru has had several limitations during the pandemic: insufficient testing access, limited contact tracing, a strained medical infrastructure, and many economic hurdles.

Recurrence of Urinary Tract Infections due to and Its Association with Antimicrobial Resistance.

We analyzed the association between antibiotic resistance and recurrent urinary tract infection (rUTI) by . Susceptibility levels to 14 antimicrobial agents and the presence of extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBL) were established using MicroScan. Incidences of multidrug resistant (MDR), extensively drug resistant (XDR), and ESBL-producer isolates as well as rUTIs were estimated.

Seroprevalence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in Iquitos, Peru in July and August, 2020: a population-based study.

Background: Detection of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies among people at risk of infection is crucial for understanding both the past transmission of COVID-19 and vulnerability of the population to continuing transmission and, when done serially, the intensity of ongoing transmission over an interval in a community. We aimed to estimate the seroprevalence of COVID-19 in a representative population-based cohort in Iquitos, one of the regions with the highest mortality rates from COVID-19 in Peru, where a devastating number of cases occurred in March, 2020.

Methods: We did a population-based study of SARS-CoV-2 transmission in Iquitos at two timepoints: July 13-18, 2020 (baseline), and Aug 13-18, 2020 (1-month follow-up).

Tolerance to disinfectants (chlorhexidine and isopropanol) and its association with antibiotic resistance in clinically-related isolates.

Disinfectants play an essential role in controlling the dissemination of bacteria in health care settings, but it may also contribute to the selection of antibiotic resistance bacteria. This study looked at isolates collected from three hospitals in Lima, Peru, in order to evaluate: their susceptibility to chlorhexidine [CHG] and isopropanol [ISP]), and their association with antimicrobial susceptibility. We analyzed 59  isolates and assessed their CHG and ISP susceptibility by minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs).

Multidrug resistance and its association with Enterobacteriales and age among pregnant Peruvian women with- bacteremia.

Introduction: This study aimed to assess the prevalence of multidrug resistance (MDR) and its associated factors among pregnant Peruvian women with bacteremia.

Methodology: In an 18-month cross-sectional study, all pregnant women were routinely tested with a presumptive diagnosis of sepsis admitted to the largest reference maternity hospital (Instituto Nacional Materno Perinatal) in Lima, Peru for bacteremia. Every isolate was tested for antimicrobial susceptibility as defined by the Institute of Clinical and Laboratory Standards (CLSI).

Multidrug resistance bacteremia in neonates and its association with late-onset sepsis and Coagulase-negative Staphylococci.

Introduction: This study aimed to assess the association between multidrug resistance (MDR) and late-onset sepsis (LOS) among newborns with bloodstream infection (BSI).

Methodology: In this cross-sectional study, we routinely tested every newborn with a presumptive diagnosis of sepsis admitted to the largest reference maternity hospital in Lima, Peru for BSI over an 18-month period. We tested every isolate for MDR by using the disk-diffusion method and assessed its associated factors by using a robust Poisson regression analysis with a particular focus on its association with LOS (vs.

Publication and associated factors of clinical trials registered in Peru.

Objective: We aim to determine the percentage of publication and its associated factors of clinical trials (CTs) registered in Peru.

Methods: Using a cross-sectional study design, we assessed CTs registered at the CT's Peruvian Registry (REPEC) during the 2011-2016 period, and evaluated its percentage of publication and associated factors. We used a bibliographic search algorithm to determine if the CTs were published and assessed the associated factors by using a Cox regression to estimate the adjusted hazard ratios (aHR) as the magnitude of association of interest.

Altitude and its inverse association with abdominal obesity in an Andean country: a cross-sectional study.

: Abdominal obesity represents an accurate predictor of overall morbidity and mortality, which is worrisome because it is also continuously increasing across Andean countries. However, its relationship with altitude remains unclear. The objective of this study was to assess the association between altitude and abdominal obesity in Peru, and how sociodemographic variables impact this association.

Twenty-two years' experience registering trials in a low-middle income country: The Peruvian Clinical Trial Registry.

Aim: This study analyzes the quantitative and qualitative evolution of the Peruvian Clinical Trial Registry during the last 22 years.

Methods: Following a cross-sectional design, we reviewed all clinical trials registered at the Peruvian Clinical Trial Registry during 1995-2017. We downloaded and extracted all registries on 31 March 2018.

Plagiarism, Cheating and Research Integrity: Case Studies from a Masters Program in Peru.

Plagiarism is a serious, yet widespread type of research misconduct, and is often neglected in developing countries. Despite its far-reaching implications, plagiarism is poorly acknowledged and discussed in the academic setting, and insufficient evidence exists in Latin America and developing countries to inform the development of preventive strategies. In this context, we present a longitudinal case study of seven instances of plagiarism and cheating arising in four consecutive classes (2011-2014) of an Epidemiology Masters program in Lima, Peru, and describes the implementation and outcomes of a multifaceted, "zero-tolerance" policy aimed at introducing research integrity.

Accelerating to Zero: Strategies to Eliminate Malaria in the Peruvian Amazon.

AbstractIn February 2014, the Malaria Elimination Working Group, in partnership with the Peruvian Ministry of Health (MoH), hosted its first international conference on malaria elimination in Iquitos, Peru. The 2-day meeting gathered 85 malaria experts, including 18 international panelists, 23 stakeholders from different malaria-endemic regions of Peru, and 11 MoH authorities. The main outcome was consensus that implementing a malaria elimination project in the Amazon region is achievable, but would require: 1) a comprehensive strategic plan, 2) the altering of current programmatic guidelines from control toward elimination by including symptomatic as well as asymptomatic individuals for antimalarial therapy and transmission-blocking interventions, and 3) the prioritization of community-based active case detection with proper rapid diagnostic tests to interrupt transmission.

Needs, acceptability, and value of humanitarian medical assistance in remote Peruvian Amazon riverine communities.

Much debate exists regarding the need, acceptability, and value of humanitarian medical assistance. We conducted a cross-sectional study on 457 children under 5 years from four remote riverine communities in the Peruvian Amazon and collected anthropometric measures, blood samples (1-4 years), and stool samples. Focus groups and key informant interviews assessed perspectives regarding medical aid delivered by foreigners.

Plasmodium vivax hospitalizations in a monoendemic malaria region: severe vivax malaria?

Severe malaria caused by Plasmodium vivax is no longer considered rare. To describe its clinical features, we performed a retrospective case control study in the subregion of Luciano Castillo Colonna, Piura, Peru, an area with nearly exclusive vivax malaria transmission. Severe cases and the subset of critically ill cases were compared with a random set of uncomplicated malaria cases (1:4).

[Cost utility of renal transplant vs. hemodialysis in the treatment of end stage chronic kidney failure in a Peruvian hospital].

Objectives: To assess and compare the cost utility of the cadaveric donor renal transplant (CDRT) at the Hospital Nacional Guillermo Almenara Irigoyen between 2000 to 2001, against haemodialysis (HD), 5 years after treatment initiation.

Materials And Methods: A cost utility study design was used, which evaluated every patient continuing treatment after 5 years of having the CDRT done, and 2 controls consisting in patients having received HD for 5 years, matched by age, sex and disease duration. The costs of each procedure and their Quality-adjusted life years (QALY´s) were evaluated using the questionnaire of quality of life SF-36v2(TM), finally calculating the cost utility (CU) and incremental cost utility (ICU) ratios.

[Caesarean section among seven public hospitals at Lima: trend analysis during 2001-2008 period].

Objective: To analyze the trend of the monthly "caesarean section rate" (CSR) at the DISA V Lima-Ciudad Hospitals during the period 2001 - 2008.

Material And Methods: Ecological study that aim to analyze the monthly reports of all DISA V Lima-Ciudad Hospitals that attends childbirths, and by analyzing the trend of theirs monthly caesarean section ratio or monthly CSR (TCM = total caesarean births in a month * 100/total number of newborns in the same month ) to determine their characteristic patterns.

Results: Of the 7 hospitals studied, it was found that between 2001 and 2008, TCM average was 36.