Bacteriocin-Producing Enterococci Modulate Cheese Microbial Diversity.

Cheese production involves various lactic acid bacteria (LAB) that break down lactose, milk proteins, and fats, producing key nutrients and influencing the cheese's flavor. They form communities that play a crucial role in determining the cheese's organoleptic properties. The composition of cheeses' microbial communities is shaped by physicochemical factors (e.

Microalgae and phytase dietary supplementation improved growth and gut microbiota in juvenile European seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax).

Fishmeal and fish oil have been the main sources of protein and fatty acid for aquaculture fish. However, their increasing price and low sustainability have led the aquafeed industry to seek sustainable alternative feedstuffs to meet the nutritional requirements of fish and improve their health and performance. Plant proteins have been successfully used to replace fishery derivatives in aquafeeds, but the presence of anti-nutritional substances is a potential drawback of this approach.

Circular and L50-like leaderless enterocins share a common ABC-transporter immunity gene.

Microbes live within complex communities of interacting populations, either free-living in waters and soils or symbionts of animals and plants. Their interactions include the production of antimicrobial peptides (bacteriocins) to antagonize competitors, and these producers must carry their own immunity gene for self-protection. Whether other coexisting populations are sensitive or resistant to the bacteriocin producer will be key for the population dynamics within the microbial community.

BPF2 and ST6, Two Bacteriocinogenic Isolated Strains from Andalusian Spontaneous Fermented Sausages.

Traditional spontaneously fermented foods are well known for their sensory and safety properties, which is mainly due to their indigenous microflora. Within this group of food, Mediterranean dry-cured sausages stand out as a significant source of lactic-acid bacterial strains (LAB) with biotechnological properties, such as their antimicrobial activity. The aim of this study was to investigate the biodiversity of antagonistic LAB strains from different Andalusian traditional sausages, such as and .

-Derived Compound Propyl Propane Thiosulfonate (PTSO) Reduces Vibrio Populations and Increases Body Weight of European Seabass () Juveniles.

The global demand for fish products is continuously increasing as the population grows, and aquaculture plays an important role in supplying this demand. However, industrial antibiotic misuse has contributed to the spread of antimicrobial resistance among pathogenic bacteria, therefore, several antibiotic alternatives have been proposed. In this study, we have analyzed the effects of -derived propyl propane thiosulfonate (PTSO) in European seabass juveniles' growth and performance.

Microbial infection risk predicts antimicrobial potential of avian symbionts.

Symbiotic bacteria on animal hosts can prevent pathogenic bacterial infections by several mechanisms. Among them, symbiotic bacteria can indirectly enhance host's immune responses or, directly, produce antimicrobial substances against pathogens. Due to differences in life-style, different host species are under different risks of microbial infections.

Beneficial Shifts in the Gut Bacterial Community of Gilthead Seabream () Juveniles Supplemented with -Derived Compound Propyl Propane Thiosulfonate (PTSO).

This study analyzes the potential use of an -derived compound, propyl propane thiosulfonate (PTSO), as a functional feed additive in aquaculture. Gilthead seabream () juveniles had their diet supplemented with this -derived compound (150 mg/kg of PTSO) and were compared with control fish. The effects of this organosulfur compound were tested by measuring the body weight and analyzing the gut microbiota after 12 weeks.

Enterocin Cross-Resistance Mediated by ABC Transport Systems.

In their struggle for life, bacteria frequently produce antagonistic substances against competitors. Antimicrobial peptides produced by bacteria (known as bacteriocins) are active against other bacteria, but harmless to their producer due to an associated immunity gene that prevents self-inhibition. However, knowledge of cross-resistance between different types of bacteriocin producer remains very limited.

Extract Implements Weaned Piglet's Productive Parameters by Modulating Distal Gut Microbiota.

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has risen as a global threat for human health. One of the leading factors for this emergence has been the massive use of antibiotics growth-promoter (AGPs) in livestock, enhancing the spread of AMR among human pathogenic bacteria. Thus, several alternatives such as probiotics, prebiotics, or phytobiotics have been proposed for using in animal feeding to maintain or improve productive levels while diminishing the negative effects of AGPs.

-Based Phytobiotic Enhances Egg Production in Laying Hens through Microbial Composition Changes in Ileum and Cecum.

Phytobiotics (bioactive compounds extracted from plants) are one of the explored alternatives to antibiotics in poultry and livestock due to their antimicrobial activity and its positive effects on gut microbiota and productive properties. In this study, we supplemented a product based on garlic and onion compounds in the diet to laying hens at the beginning of their productive life (from 16 to 20 weeks post-hatching). The experimental group showed a significant increase in the number of eggs laid and in their size, produced in one month compared to the control.

Synergy of the Bacteriocin AS-48 and Antibiotics against Uropathogenic Enterococci.

The genus comprises a ubiquitous group of Gram-positive bacteria that can cause diverse health care-associated infections. Their genome plasticity enables easy acquisition of virulence factors as well as antibiotic resistances. Urinary tract infections (UTIs) and catheter-associated UTIs are common diseases caused by enterococci.

Egg Production in Poultry Farming Is Improved by Probiotic Bacteria.

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is one of the most serious threats for human health in the near future. Livestock has played an important role in the appearance of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, intestinal dysbiosis in farming animals, or the spread of AMR among pathogenic bacteria of human concern. The development of alternatives like probiotics is focused on maintaining or improving production levels while diminishing these negative effects of antibiotics.

Draft Genome Sequences of Six Lactobacillus pentosus Strains Isolated from Brines of Traditionally Fermented Spanish-Style Green Table Olives.

Here, we report the genome sequences of six strains isolated from traditional noninoculated Spanish-style green table olive brines. The total genome sizes varied between 3.77 and 4.

Bacterial density rather than diversity correlates with hatching success across different avian species.

Bacterial communities within avian nests are considered an important determinant of egg viability, potentially selecting for traits that confer embryos with protection against trans-shell infection. A high bacterial density on the eggshell increases hatching failure, whether this effect could be due to changes in bacterial community or just a general increase in bacterial density. We explored this idea using intra- and interspecific comparisons of the relationship between hatching success and eggshell bacteria characterized by culture and molecular techniques (fingerprinting and high-throughput sequencing).

The Hoopoe's Uropygial Gland Hosts a Bacterial Community Influenced by the Living Conditions of the Bird.

Molecular methods have revealed that symbiotic systems involving bacteria are mostly based on whole bacterial communities. Bacterial diversity in hoopoe uropygial gland secretion is known to be mainly composed of certain strains of enterococci, but this conclusion is based solely on culture-dependent techniques. This study, by using culture-independent techniques (based on the 16S rDNA and the ribosomal intergenic spacer region) shows that the bacterial community in the uropygial gland secretion is more complex than previously thought and its composition is affected by the living conditions of the bird.

Preening as a Vehicle for Key Bacteria in Hoopoes.

Oily secretions produced in the uropygial gland of incubating female hoopoes contain antimicrobial-producing bacteria that prevent feathers from degradation and eggs from pathogenic infection. Using the beak, females collect the uropygial gland secretion and smear it directly on the eggshells and brood patch. Thus, some bacterial strains detected in the secretion should also be present on the eggshell, beak, and brood patch.

Special structures of hoopoe eggshells enhance the adhesion of symbiont-carrying uropygial secretion that increase hatching success.

Animals live in a bacterial world, and detecting and exploring adaptations favouring mutualistic relationships with antibiotic-producing bacteria as a strategy to fight pathogens are of prime importance for evolutionary ecologists. Uropygial secretion of European hoopoes (Upupa epops, Linnaeus) contains antimicrobials from mutualistic bacteria that may be used to prevent embryo infection. Here, we investigated the microscopic structure of hoopoe eggshells looking for special features favouring the adhesion of antimicrobial uropygial secretions.