Longitudinal structural changes in central serous chorioretinopathy: A multimodal imaging-based study.

Purpose: To analyse the longitudinal changes in imaging parameters in eyes with acute or chronic central serous chorioretinopathy (CSCR).

Methods: This was a multicentric, retrospective, longitudinal, observational study in patients with a diagnosis of CSCR and having at least 4 years of follow-up. Trend in choroidal thickness (CT), area of double layer sign (DLS), area of retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) alterations, and area of hyper-autofluorescence were analysed.

Case series bacillary layer detachment associated with acute central serous chorioretinopathy in patients with COVID-19.

• Bacillary layer detachment (BALAD) may be associated with the systemic inflammatory reaction related to COVID-19 disease, and steroid use. • The causality spectrum of BALAD and vision losses can be followed by acute central serous chorioretinopathy presentation.

Longitudinal follow-up and outcome analysis in central serous chorioretinopathy.

Objectives: To analyse the longitudinal changes in visual acuity and risk factors for recurrence or development of choroidal neovascularisation (CNV) in eyes with acute or chronic central serous chorioretinopathy (CSCR).

Methods: This was a retrospective, multicentric, longitudinal, observational study done in patients with a diagnosis of unilateral or bilateral CSCR and having at least 4 years of follow-up between the years 1999 and 2020. Kaplan-Meier curves were used for assessing cumulative risks.

Clinical characteristics of full thickness macular holes that closed without surgery.

Purpose: To ascertain the anatomic factors that help achieve non-surgical sealing in full thickness macular hole (FTMH).

Methods: Retrospective collaborative study of FTMH that closed without surgical intervention.

Results: A total of 78 patients (mean age 57.

Humanistic and Economic Burden of Blindness Associated with Retinal Disorders in a Brazilian Sample: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Introduction: Vision impairment and blindness have been significantly associated with high medical care expenditures, decrease in health utility, and loss or reduction of productivity. The objective of this study was to assess the humanistic and economic burden of blindness in a Brazilian sample from a societal perspective.

Methods: Cross-sectional, observational, and multicenter study enrolling individuals with blindness (defined as the best corrected visual acuity less than 6/60 in the better-seeing eye) caused by retinal disorders.

One-year outcomes of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor therapy in peripapillary choroidal neovascularisation.

Purpose: To report the visual and anatomical outcomes in eyes with peripapillary choroidal neovascularisation (CNV) through 12 months.

Methods: This was a multicentre, retrospective, interventional case series which included treatment-naïve cases of peripapillary choroidal neovascular membrane (CNVM) with a minimum follow-up of 12 months. Multimodal imaging which comprised optical coherence tomography (OCT), fluorescein angiography and/or indocyanine green angiography was performed at baseline and follow-up visits.

Multicenter, Randomized Clinical Trial to Assess the Effectiveness of Intravitreal Injections of Bevacizumab, Triamcinolone, or Their Combination in the Treatment of Diabetic Macular Edema.

Background And Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of combined bevacizumab-triamcinolone intravitreal injection in the treatment of diabetic macular edema (DME) compared to monotherapy.

Patients And Methods: At eight clinical sites, 111 patients with DME were randomly assigned to receive an intravitreal injection of bevacizumab (Avastin; Genentech, South San Francisco, CA), triamcinolone (Ophthalmos Pharmaceutical Industry, São Paulo-SP, Brazil), or their combination. The primary outcome was visual acuity (VA) at 6 months' follow-up.

SURGICAL OUTCOMES AND COMPLICATIONS OF RHEGMATOGENOUS RETINAL DETACHMENT IN EYES WITH CHORIORETINAL COLOBOMA: The Results of the KKESH International Collaborative Retina Study Group.

Purpose: To study the outcomes of management of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment in eyes with chorioretinal colobomas.

Methods: A retrospective review of 119 patients (119 eyes) with chorioretinal colobomas who underwent surgical repair for rhegmatogenous retinal detachment was performed. Data were collected on the site of the retinal break, type of surgery, anatomical success, and complications.

OUTCOMES OF ANTI-VEGF THERAPY IN CHOROIDAL NEOVASCULARIZATION AFTER MACULAR SURGERY.

Purpose: To report treatment outcomes of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) therapy in choroidal neovascularization (CNV) presenting after macular surgery.

Methods: Retrospective analysis of 7 eyes of 7 patients, who were diagnosed to have CNV after macular surgery and were treated with anti-vascular endothelial growth factor therapy. Collected data included demographic details; history of present illness; surgical procedure; and clinical examination including visual acuity at presentation and follow-up with imaging and management.

ANTIANGIOGENICS IN CHOROIDAL NEOVASCULARIZATION ASSOCIATED WITH LASER IN CENTRAL SEROUS CHORIORETINOPATHY.

Background/purpose: To report characteristics and treatment outcome of choroidal neovascularization (CNV) secondary to laser photocoagulation and photodynamic therapy (PDT) in central serous chorioretinopathy.

Methods: Retrospective analysis of 12 eyes of 12 patients, who were diagnosed to have CNV secondary to laser photocoagulation or PDT for central serous chorioretinopathy. Collected data included demographic details, history of presenting illness, clinical examination details including visual acuity at presentation, and follow-up with imaging and treatment details.

Pars plana vitrectomy with juxtapapillary laser photocoagulation versus vitrectomy without juxtapapillary laser photocoagulation for the treatment of optic disc pit maculopathy: the results of the KKESH International Collaborative Retina Study Group.

Background/aims: To compare the functional and anatomic outcomes of pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) with juxtapapillary laser photocoagulation (JLP) versus vitrectomy without JLP in optic disc pit maculopathy.

Methods: This was a multicentre, retrospective study of 46 consecutive patients with optic disc pit maculopathy presenting at tertiary eye centres between 1992 and 2012. Indications for surgery included distorted or decreased vision.

OUTCOMES OF TREATMENT OF CHOROIDAL NEOVASCULARIZATION ASSOCIATED WITH CENTRAL SEROUS CHORIORETINOPATHY WITH INTRAVITREAL ANTIANGIOGENIC AGENTS.

Purpose: To report clinical characteristics and treatment outcomes from the largest case series of choroidal neovascularization secondary to central serous chorioretinopathy.

Methods: Retrospective analysis of 46 eyes of 43 consecutive subjects. Collected data included demographic details, history of presenting illness, clinical examination details including visual acuity at presentation and follow-up with imaging and treatment details.

Expression of TNF-α and IL-6 cytokines in the choroid and sclera of hypercholesterolemic rabbits.

Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the expression of the inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-6 in the sclera and choroid of hypercholesterolemic rabbits.

Method: Twenty-one New Zealand male albino rabbits were divided into two groups: NG and HG. The NG group was fed a standard rabbit diet and the HG group was fed a cholesterol-enriched diet (1%).

Evaluation of patients with diffuse unilateral subacute neuroretinitis by spectral domain optical coherence tomography with enhanced depth imaging.

Background: The purpose of this study was to determine the value of spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) in assessing patients with diffuse unilateral subacute neuroretinitis (DUSN).

Methods: This was an observational case series with clinical imaging correlation performed at the Retina and Vitreous Institute of Londrina and State University of Londrina, Paraná, Brazil. The series comprised ten consecutive patients with a confirmed diagnosis of DUSN, ie, seven patients with late-stage disease and three with early-stage disease, who were assessed by SD-OCT for mean macular, retinal nerve fiber layer, and choroidal thickness using enhanced depth imaging software.

Congenital toxoplasmosis in a reference center of Paraná, Southern Brazil.

This study describes the characteristics of 31 children with congenital toxoplasmosis children admitted to the University Hospital of Londrina, Southern Brazil, from 2000 to 2010. In total, 23 (85.2%) of the mothers received prenatal care but only four (13.

[Increased VEGFR-1 immunoreactivity in the choroid-scleral complex in hypercholesterolemia experimental model].

Purpose: The aim of this study is to investigate the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in the choroid and sclera using hypercholesterolemia experimental model.

Methods: New Zealand rabbits were divided into two groups: 8 rabbits (8 eyes), in the normal diet group (NG), were fed by a standard diet for 4 weeks; and 13 rabbits (13 eyes), in the hypercholesterolemic group (HG), were fed by a 1% cholesterol-enriched diet for 8 weeks. Total serum cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL cholesterol and fasting blood glucose exams were performed at the initiation of the experiment and at the euthanasia time.

Effect of olmesartan on leukocyte recruitment in choroid-sclera complex in hypercholesterolemia model.

Purpose: Demonstrate that the blockade of angiotensin II AT-1 receptors, through the systemic administration of olmesartan, can reduce the MCP-1 expression and the resulting macrophage accumulation in the choroid and sclera of hypercholesterolemic rabbits.

Methods: Thirty-two New Zealand rabbits were divided into 3 groups: group I (GI) was fed a standard rabbit diet; group II (GII) was fed a hypercholesterolemic diet; and group III (GIII) was fed a hypercholesterolemic diet plus olmesartan. Serum levels of total cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL cholesterol, and blood glucose were determined in fasting rabbits at the beginning of the experiment and on the day of euthanasia.

Retinal detachment and gyrate atrophy of the choroid and retina: case report.

To report a case of gyrate atrophy of the choroid and retina associated with retinal detachment. Hyperornithinemia confirmed the diagnosis of gyrate atrophy. Pars plana vitrectomy with silicone oil infusion was performed with good anatomical results, despite the persistence of low visual acuity.

[Increase of choroidal and scleral MCP-1 expression in hypercholesterolemia experimental model].

Purpose: The aim of this study is to experientially demonstrate that a cholesterol-enriched diet induces an increase in the MCP-1 expression in the choroid and sclera.

Method: New Zealand rabbits were divided into two groups: GN (normal diet group) of 8 rabbits (8 eyes) was fed a standard rabbit diet for 4 weeks; GH (hypercholesterolemic group) of 13 rabbits (13 eyes) was fed a 1% cholesterol enriched diet for 8 weeks. Total serum cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL cholesterol and fasting blood glucose exams were performed at the start of the experiment and at the euthanasia time.

Programs for control of congenital toxoplasmosis.

Congenital toxoplasmosis can cause miscarriage and neurological and/or eye damage to the fetus. Since Austria and France established the prenatal screening, the prevalence of toxoplasmosis has declined from 50% to 35% and 84% to 44%, respectively. Other countries, such as the United Kingdom, have educational practices to reduce the risk of infection in seronegative pregnant women.

Curvularia lunata endophthalmitis.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to report a case of a 52-year-old man with a rare fungal endophthalmitis after penetrating ocular trauma with a fish hook.

Results: The patient was submitted to wound repair and hook extraction. Three weeks after the trauma, a cataract extraction with phacoemulsification and in-the-bag intraocular lens implantation was performed.