Introduction Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, a prevalent sexually transmitted disease, affects the majority of sexually active individuals at least once in their lifetime. Cervical cancer stands as a significant contributor to mortality among women. Cervical cancer screening (CCS) and HPV vaccination are recent, with few studies about their impact on the prevalence of HPV types.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInt J Health Plann Manage
September 2021
The time and type of the States' responses to the COVID-19 pandemic varied with the severity of the epidemiological situation, the perceived risk, the political organisation and the model of health system of the country. We discuss the response of Germany, Spain, France, Italy, Portugal and the United Kingdom during the first months of the COVID-19 epidemic in 2020, considering the political organisation of the country and its health system model. We analyse public health measures implemented to contain or mitigate the pandemic, as well as those related to governance, resources and reorganisation of services, financing mechanisms, response of the health system itself and health outcomes.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Portugal underwent a paradigmatic Primary Health Care (PHC) reform in 2005. The reform implemented better health information systems, goal-oriented management, pay-for-performance schemes, functional autonomy for the front-line units, and the general adoption of commissioning processes. Since the implementation of the reform, the same set of indicators have been monitored nationally every year.
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