Capturing the Value of Vaccination within Health Technology Assessment and Health Economics-Practical Considerations for Expanding Valuation by Including Key Concepts.

Following the development of a value of vaccination (VoV) framework for health technology assessment/cost-effectiveness analysis (HTA/CEA), and identification of three vaccination benefits for near-term inclusion in HTA/CEA, this final paper provides decision makers with methods and examples to consider benefits of health systems strengthening (HSS), equity, and macroeconomic gains. Expert working groups, targeted literature reviews, and case studies were used. Opportunity cost methods were applied for HSS benefits of rotavirus vaccination.

Approach to patients with diabetes and obesity in primary care.

Aims: The aim of this study is to analyse the effect of pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatment on weight control in patients with diabetes and obesity.

Design: Epidemiological, descriptive, cross-sectional study. SITE: Primary care.

Study Protocol on Social Return on Investment (SROI) Project of the Surgical Waiting List Management System.

In Andalusia, the right to maximum waiting times for healthcare clashes with the available supply, leading to an increase in demand in the form of waiting lists. To address this situation, the activity of private centers has been created for certain diagnostic tests. The Social Return on Investment (SROI) model evaluates an intervention from an economic and stakeholder perspective.

Benefit-risk assessment of sonidegib and vismodegib in the treatment of locally advanced basal cell carcinoma.

Background: Sonidegib and vismodegib are Hedgehog pathway inhibitors (HhIs) that play a relevant role in the management of locally advanced basal cell carcinoma (laBCC). This study compared the efficacy and safety of both HhIs based on their available data using effect size measures such as number needed to treat (NNT), number needed to harm (NNH), and likelihood to be helped or harmed (LHH).

Methods: We reviewed data from pivotal trials of sonidegib (BOLT) and vismodegib (ERIVANCE).

Capturing the value of vaccination within health technology assessment and health economics: Literature review and novel conceptual framework.

Background: Vaccination provides significant health gains to individuals and society and can potentially improve health equity, healthcare systems and national economies. Policy decisions, however, are rarely informed by comprehensive economic evaluations (EE) including vaccination's wide-ranging value. The objective of this analysis was to focus on health technology assessment systems to identify relevant value concepts in order to improve current EE of non-pandemic vaccines.

Capturing the value of vaccination within health technology assessment and health economics: Country analysis and priority value concepts.

Background: A value of vaccination framework for economic evaluation (EE) identified unique value concepts for the broad benefits vaccination provides to individuals, society, healthcare systems and national economies. The objectives of this paper were to work with experts in developed countries to objectively identify three priority concepts to extend current EE.

Methods: The previously developed classification of value concepts in vaccination distinguished 18 concepts, categorised as conventional payer and societal perspective concepts and novel broader societal concepts.

Cross-cultural adaptation and psychometric validation of a Spanish version of the revised Patients' Attitudes Towards Deprescribing (rPATD) questionnaire.

Objectives: Successful deprescribing depends largely on factors related to the patient. The revised Patients' Attitudes Towards Deprescribing (rPATD) questionnaire was developed with the objective of evaluating the beliefs and attitudes of older adults and caregivers towards deprescribing. The present study was designed to validate a Spanish version of the rPATD questionnaire, both the versions for older adults and for caregivers, through a qualitative validation phase and the analysis of its psychometric properties.

Cost of illness of invasive meningococcal disease caused by serogroup B Neisseria meningitidis in Spain.

Introduction: Invasive meningococcal disease (IMD) is a severe infectious disease, mainly affecting children under 5 years, associated with long-term physical, neurological and psychological sequelae. In Spain, most IMD cases are caused by meningococcal serogroup B (MenB). This study estimates its economic burden from a societal perspective in Spain.

Impact of Covid-19 containment on community pharmaceutical spending in Andalusia - Spain.

Background: In the field of health, the year 2020 will be remembered for testing (stressing) all health institutions and their forms of management (centralised and decentralised). The everyday activity of primary and hospital care was significantly altered by the introduction of telephone consultations, which reduce the number of visits to health centres or hospitals and are still relevant today in the face of successive waves of the pandemic.

Objective: To analyse whether population confinement due to the COVID-19 pandemic had an impact on the dispensing of medications in community pharmacies and the associated spending during the period March-July 2020 in Andalusia (Spain).

Medicines use review service in community pharmacies in Spain: REVISA project.

Background Community pharmacy services play an important role in controlling some factors related to medicine use and patients can benefit from these services to improve the adherence and knowledge of their medications, besides to reduce medicine-related problems. Objective The aim of the REVISA project is to carry out a study on preliminary implementation of the medicines use review service in Spanish community pharmacies. Setting Sixty-four community pharmacies from all regions of Spain.

Value-Based Healthcare in Ostomies.

In order to achieve significant improvements in quality, cost, and accessibility (the health "iron triangle"), innovation in organizational and service delivery models is necessary to increase the value of healthcare. The aim of this study is to evaluate the efficiency of a model of organizational innovation based on advanced practice nurse in the care of people with ostomies (APN-O) versus usual care. An observational, exploratory, analytical, prospective study with a six-month follow-up was carried out at 12 hospitals that implemented this model in Andalusia.

Long term COST-minimization analysis of robot-assisted hysterectomy versus conventional laparoscopic hysterectomy.

Background: The aim of this study is to carry out the economic evaluation, in term of a cost-minimization analysis that considers healthcare costs and indirect costs, of robot-assisted hysterectomy (RAH) compared with conventional laparoscopic hysterectomy (CLH) in female adults scheduled for total laparoscopic hysterectomy for benign conditions.

Methods: Cost-minimization analysis based on an analytic observational study of prospective cohorts with a five-year time horizon. Eligible participants were all female adults scheduled for total laparoscopic hysterectomy for benign conditions at tertiary hospital.

[Crisis, Public Spending on Health and Policy].

Objective: The Spanish economic crisis began in 2008 and according to the Ministry of Economy, Industry and Compe- titiveness it concluded in 2014. During the crisis the main macroeconomic indicators had an adverse evolution and the effects have lasted for more than six years to the present. Aim: To assess the influence on public spending (health and pharmaceutical) that the governing policies have had and the time of crisis suffered.

Efficacy of the Treatments Used in Multiple Sclerosis: From Meta-analysis to Number Needed to Treat.

Unlabelled: The aim of this study was to analyze the efficacy of drugs used in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis, first- and second-line drugs, using the number needed to treat (NNT) as a measure of efficacy.

Methods: Data from randomized clinical trials were analyzed for 3 categories of clinical efficacy outcomes: relapse, change in Expanded Disability Status Scale, and number of new lesions in magnetic resonance imaging. Meta-analysis results are expressed as odds ratios.

Effectiveness of glatiramer acetate compared to other multiple sclerosis therapies.

Objective: To assess the effectiveness of glatiramer acetate (GA) compared to other multiple sclerosis (MS) therapies in routine clinical practice.

Materials And Methods: Observational cohort study carried out in MS patients treated with GA (GA cohort) or other MS therapies -switched from GA- (non-GA cohort). Study data were obtained through review of our MS patient database.

Cost-effectiveness analysis of antipsychotics in reducing schizophrenia relapses.

Background: Schizophrenia is a severe form of mental illness which is associated with significant and long-lasting health, social and financial burdens.The aim of this project is to assess the efficiency of the antipsychotics used in Spain in reducing schizophrenia relapses under the Spanish Health System perspective.

Material And Methods: A decision-analytic model was developed to explore the relative cost-effectiveness of five antipsychotic medications, amisulpride, aripiprazole, olanzapine, paliperidone Extended-Release (ER) and risperidone, compared to haloperidol, over a 1-year treatment period among people living in Spain with schizophrenia.

Cost-utility and budget impact analysis of primary prevention with alendronate of osteoporotic hip fractures in Catalonia.

Objectives: To determine whether primary drug prevention of osteoporotic hip fracture is a useful measure in Catalonia and what would be their budgetary impact.

Material And Methods: We performed a cost-utility social perspective study with a time horizon of 10 to 20 years. Univariate sensitivity analysis was performed.

[A comparison of leflunomide and subcutaneous methotrexate in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis: an approximation based on the number needed to treat].

Objective: To compare, in the Spanish setting, two drugs for adults with rheumatoid artritis (RA): leflunomide and subcutaneous methotrexate (SC). The high price of methotrexate SC compared with traditional presentations of methotrexate justifies conducting an economic evaluation comparing it with leflunomide.

Methods: The analysis considered the annual costs of the drugs and their effectiveness, measured with a Number Needed to Treat (NNT) approach, considering both the ACR20 and ACR50 criteria for effectiveness.

Randomised controlled study in the primary healthcare sector to investigate the effectiveness and safety of auriculotherapy for the treatment of uncomplicated chronic rachialgia: a study protocol.

Background: Uncomplicated chronic rachialgia is a highly prevalent complaint, and one for which therapeutic results are contradictory. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of treatment with auriculopressure, in the primary healthcare sector, carried out by trained healthcare professionals via a 30-hour course.

Methods/design: The design consists of a multi-centre randomized controlled trial, with placebo, with two parallel groups, and including an economic evaluation.

Correcting non cephalic presentation with moxibustion: study protocol for a multi-centre randomised controlled trial in general practice.

Background: Non cephalic presentation in childbirth involves various risks to both the mother and the foetus. The incidence in Spain is 3.8% of all full-term pregnancies.

[Diagnostic agreement between emergency teams and hospital services].

Objectives: Over the last 10 years the Public Health Emergency Service of Andalusia (Spain) has been conducting a study into the diagnostic agreement among its teams (061 teams) and those of primary care and hospitals. Diagnostic agreement between these teams and hospital teams was evaluated. When discrepancies were found, an assessment was made of whether these corresponded to the emergency team, transfer resources or hospital.