Anxiety about dental treatment - a gender issue.

This study compared prevalence and risk factors of dental anxiety between men and women. The sample consisted of 244 participants (n = 122 men) aged 18 years or older who sought dental care at a public Dental Education Institution from March 2018 to November 2019. The Modified Dental Anxiety Scale was used to determine presence of dental anxiety.

A review of selected Arboviruses during pregnancy.

Arboviruses are emerging infectious diseases with the ability to expand geographically and rapidly affect large populations. The recent epidemic caused by the Zika virus in the Americas and congenital Zika syndrome associated with maternal infection has called out attention to the importance of studying arboviruses during pregnancy. This is a review on selected arboviruses infections during gestation, including Zika, Chikungunya, Dengue and Yellow Fever viruses.

Microcephaly Case Fatality Rate Associated with Zika Virus Infection in Brazil: Current Estimates.

Considering the currently confirmed cases of microcephaly and related deaths associated with Zika virus in Brazil, the estimated case fatality rate is 8.3% (95% confidence interval: 7.2-9.

Trends of the microcephaly and Zika virus outbreak in Brazil, January-July 2016.

In the last two months, there have been indications that the Zika virus epidemic is on the decline in Brazil. We reviewed the surveillance data published by the Brazilian Ministry of Health to assess trends of microcephaly and neurological abnormalities suggestive of congenital infection, as well as Zika virus disease in Brazil as a whole and its various regions. From November 2015 to July 2016, 8301 cases of microcephaly were reported in Brazil, mainly in the Northeast region.

Electromagnetic interference of endodontic equipments with cardiovascular implantable electronic device.

Objectives: Assess the electromagnetic interference (EMI) of endodontic equipment with cardiovascular implantable electronic devices (CIEDs) and related factors.

Methods: The laser device, electronic apex locators (EAL), optical microscope, endodontic rotary motors, gutta-percha heat carrier (GH), gutta-percha gun and ultrasonic device were tested next to CIEDs (Medtronic and Biotronik) with varied sensitivity settings and distances. CIEDs were immersed in a saline solution to simulate the electrical resistence of the human body.

The pediatrician's role in the first thousand days of the child: the pursuit of healthy nutrition and development.

Objectives: To describe the concept of the first 1000 days, its importance for health, and actions to be implemented, particularly by pediatricians, in order to attain healthy nutrition and development.

Sources: A nonsystematic review was carried out in the SciELO, LILACS, MEDLINE, Scopus, and Web of Science databases, encompassing the last decade, using the terms 1000 days, child nutrition, child development, childhood, and child. A non-systematic search was performed online for organizations that use the 1000-day concept and give recommendations on children's health.

Factors associated with non-vaccination against measles in northeastern Brazil: Clues about causes of the 2015 outbreak.

Measles is a highly contagious disease that can be effectively prevented through vaccination. The recent increase in vaccination coverage was successful in reducing the mortality globally of the disease by 74%. As a whole, the Americas have been considered a disease-free zone.

Primary Motor Cortex Representation of Handgrip Muscles in Patients with Leprosy.

Background: Leprosy is an endemic infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium leprae that predominantly attacks the skin and peripheral nerves, leading to progressive impairment of motor, sensory and autonomic function. Little is known about how this peripheral neuropathy affects corticospinal excitability of handgrip muscles. Our purpose was to explore the motor cortex organization after progressive peripheral nerve injury and upper-limb dysfunction induced by leprosy using noninvasive transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS).

Effects of Vitamin A supplementation on child morbidity: a twenty-year time series analysis in the northeastern region of Brazil.

The present study aimed to determine the prevalence of supplementation between 1987 and 2007, and to measure the impact of this on morbidity. Five sequential cross-sectional studies in a 20-year time span were analyzed. Each had a sample of 8,000 domiciles representative of Ceará, in northeastern Brazil.

Physical disability and social participation in patients affected by leprosy after discontinuation of multidrug therapy.

Objectives: To describe the social participation frequency and the physical disability of patients who were discharged after the multidrug therapy (MDT/WHO) and factors associated with these variables.

Method: A cross-sectional and analytical study, examining associations, which took place Nova Iguaçu/Brazil. A random sample of patients treated with multidrug therapy from 1997 to 2006 was selected.

Birth in Brazil survey: neonatal mortality, pregnancy and childbirth quality of care.

This study examined neonatal deaths in the live-births cohort in the Birth in Brazil survey, which interviewed and examined medical records of 23,940 mothers from February 2011 to October 2012. Potential risk factors were analyzed using hierarchical modeling. Neonatal mortality rate was 11.

Neonatal near miss in the Birth in Brazil survey.

This study used data from the Birth in Brazil survey, a nationwide hospital-based study of 24,197 postpartum women and their newborns, collected between February 2011 and July 2012. A three-stage cluster sampling design (hospitals, days, women) was used consisting of stratification by geographic region, type of municipality (capital or non-capital), and type of hospital financing. Logistic regression was used to identify variables that were potential predictors of neonatal mortality and neonatal near miss indicators.

Reducing child mortality: the contribution of Ceará state, northeast of Brazil, on achieving the Millennium Development Goal 4 in Brazil.

To describe the experience of Ceará, Northeast of Brazil, state on improving child survival, over a 20 year period, and discuss its contribution to Brazil's progress toward the achievement of MDG 4. Five population-based, statewide household surveys, with children <3 years of age, known as PESMIC (Mother and Child Health Survey of Ceará), were conducted in 1987, 1990, 1994, 2001 and 2007. They aimed to investigate levels and causes of mortality and access to child health services.

Prevalence and determinants of child undernutrition and stunting in semiarid region of Brazil.

Objective: To analyze the evolution in the prevalence and determinants of malnutrition in children in the semiarid region of Brazil.

Methods: Data were collected from two cross-sectional population-based household surveys that used the same methodology. Clustering sampling was used to collect data from 8,000 families in Ceará, Northeastern Brazil, for the years 1987 and 2007.

[Child malnutrition in children under 5 years of age in Peru: trends and determinants].

Objective: Analyze malnutrition and anemia trends in Peruvian children under 5 years of age and their association with determinants in the 2000-2011 period.

Methods: Nutritional indicators for children under 5 years of age from the 2011 Demographic and Family Health Survey (ENDES), and their evolution based on data from the 2000, 2005, and 2008 ENDES, were analyzed. Chronic malnutrition (CM) (height/age ≤ 2 SD), acute malnutrition (AM), (height/weight ≤ 2 SD), and anemia trends were estimated.

Factors associated with high rates of caesarean section in Brazil between 1991 and 2006.

Aim: To assess trends in caesarean sections in Brazil, identify associated factors and evaluate changes in these factors over time.

Methods: Nationally representative data from the 1996 Demographic and Health Survey (n = 4918) and the 2006 Brazilian National Survey (n = 6125) were analysed using binomial logistic regression to assess variations in caesarean sections. Univariate logistic regression and multivariate analysis were used to select variables for predicting caesarean sections and assess potential factors associated with them.

Lethality by pneumonia and factors associated to death.

Objective: To describe the case-fatality rate (CFR) and risk factors of death in children with community-acquired acute pneumonia (CAP) in a pediatric university hospital.

Method: A longitudinal study was developed with prospective data collected from 1996 to 2011. Patients aged 1 month to 12 years were included in the study.

[Characteristics of consultation and mothers' satisfaction in primary care for children under 5 years of age, Fortaleza, Brazil].

The scope of this study is to describe aspects related to the dimensions of access, the service characteristics and factors associated with satisfaction of mothers in the city of Fortaleza, Ceará. It is an observational, cross-sectional population-based study conducted in 2008 in Fortaleza, Ceará. Families with at least one child under 5 years of age living at home and who were users of the Unified Health System (SUS) were included, The Pearson chi-square test, and when appropriate the Fisher exact test, were used for the statistical associations.

Birth in Brazil: national survey into labour and birth.

Background: Caesarean section rates in Brazil have been steadily increasing. In 2009, for the first time, the number of children born by this type of procedure was greater than the number of vaginal births. Caesarean section is associated with a series of adverse effects on the women and newborn, and recent evidence suggests that the increasing rates of prematurity and low birth weight in Brazil are associated to the increasing rates of Caesarean section and labour induction.

Validity and reproducibility of the asthma core International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) written questionnaire obtained by telephone survey.

Objective: To assess the reproducibility and validity of the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) asthma written questionnaire (IAWQ) for 6- to 7-year-old children administered to their parents/caregivers through a telephone interview.

Methods: Our study included 100 children selected from three health units in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. In total, 50 asthmatic and 50 non-asthmatic children were evaluated; all participants were required to own a household telephone line.

Professional profile of pediatric intensivists in Rio de Janeiro, southeastern Brazil.

Objective: This study described the sociodemographic profile and professional qualifications of pediatric intensive care physicians in the State of Rio de Janeiro (RJ), southeastern Brazil.

Methods: This investigation was an observational, cross-sectional and descriptive study that was conducted in neonatal, pediatric and mixed intensive care units in the State of Rio de Janeiro. Physicians working in the participating intensive care units voluntarily completed a semistructured and anonymous questionnaire.