International Society of Sports Nutrition Position Stand: Long-Chain Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids.

Position Statement: The International Society of Sports Nutrition (ISSN) presents this position based on a critical examination of the literature surrounding the effects of long-chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (ω-3 PUFA) supplementation on exercise performance, recovery, and brain health. This position stand is intended to provide a scientific foundation for athletes, dietitians, trainers, and other practitioners regarding the effects of supplemental ω-3 PUFA in healthy and athletic populations. The following conclusions represent the official position of the ISSN: Athletes may be at a higher risk for ω-3 PUFA insufficiency.

Common Questions and Misconceptions About Energy Drinks: What Does the Scientific Evidence Really Show?

Energy drinks are a commonly consumed beverage, and studies suggest a possible performance-enhancing effect. A Google Scholar search using the keywords "energy drinks" and "exercise" yields numerous results, underscoring the voluminous research on this topic. However, there are questions regarding the effectiveness and safety of energy drinks.

Part II. Common questions and misconceptions about creatine supplementation: what does the scientific evidence really show?

Creatine monohydrate supplementation (CrM) is a safe and effective intervention for improving certain aspects of sport, exercise performance, and health across the lifespan. Despite its evidence-based pedigree, several questions and misconceptions about CrM remain. To initially address some of these concerns, our group published a narrative review in 2021 discussing the scientific evidence as to whether CrM leads to water retention and fat accumulation, is a steroid, causes hair loss, dehydration or muscle cramping, adversely affects renal and liver function, and if CrM is safe and/or effective for children, adolescents, biological females, and older adults.

International society of sports nutrition position stand: β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate (HMB).

Position Statement: The International Society of Sports Nutrition (ISSN) bases the following position stand on an analysis of the literature regarding the effects of β-Hydroxy-β-Methylbutyrate (HMB). The following 12 points have been approved by the Research Committee of the Society: 1. HMB is a metabolite of the amino acid leucine that is naturally produced in both humans and other animals.

Seven versus 14 days of antimicrobial therapy for severe multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacterial infections in intensive care unit patients (OPTIMISE): a randomised, open-label, non-inferiority clinical trial.

Background: Shorter courses of antimicrobial therapy have been shown to be non-inferior to longer durations for the management of several infections. However, data on critically ill patients with severe infections by multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria (MDR-GNB) are scarce. In the duratiOn of theraPy in severe infecTIons by MultIdrug-reSistant gram-nEgative bacteria (OPTIMISE) trial, we assessed the non-inferiority of 7-day versus 14-day antimicrobial therapy for patients with intensive care unit (ICU)-acquired severe infections by MDR-GNB.

Efficacy and safety of risankizumab versus methotrexate in patients with moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis: results from IMMbrace, a randomized, double-blind, phase 3 study with an open-label extension period in Brazil.

Background: Psoriasis, a chronic, inflammatory skin disease, requires long-term therapy. Risankizumab is a humanized immunoglobulin G1 monoclonal antibody that specifically inhibits interleukin 23 by binding to its p19 subunit.

Objective: The authors assessed the efficacy and safety of risankizumab compared with methotrexate in adults with moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis.

Ruminococcus gnavus in the gut: driver, contributor, or innocent bystander in steatotic liver disease?

The human gut microbiome plays a crucial role in regulating intestinal and systemic health, impacting host immune response and metabolic function. Dysbiosis of the gut microbiome is linked to various diseases, including steatotic liver diseases. Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), a chronic liver disease characterized by excess hepatic lipid content and impaired metabolism, is the leading cause of liver disease worldwide.

Evolving cell states and oncogenic drivers during the progression of IDH-mutant gliomas.

Isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) mutants define a class of gliomas that are initially slow-growing but inevitably progress to fatal disease. To characterize their malignant cell hierarchy, we profiled chromatin accessibility and gene expression across single cells from low-grade and high-grade IDH-mutant gliomas and ascertained their developmental states through a comparison to normal brain cells. We provide evidence that these tumors are initially fueled by slow-cycling oligodendrocyte progenitor cell-like cells.

Does green tea catechin enhance weight-loss effect of exercise training in overweight and obese individuals? a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized trials.

Background: Green tea (GT) is a common component of supplements known as fat burners. It has gained popularity as an ergogenic aid for weight reduction to assist with obesity management. This systematic review and meta-analysis aim to explore the effect of green tea ingestion coupled with exercise training (EX) on body composition and lipid profile in overweight and obese individuals.

Beyond the Buzz: Do Energy Drinks Offer More Than Caffeine for Mental and Physical Tasks?

Energy drinks are marketed for enhancing mental and physical performance, often containing ingredients beyond caffeine. This study investigated whether an energy drink (ED), Gorilla Mind, exerted greater effects on sustained attention, mood, handgrip strength, and push-up performance than a caffeine-matched control drink (CAF) in exercise-trained individuals (n = 21, age: 22 ± 5.9 years).

The arginine and nitric oxide metabolic pathway regulate the gut colonization and expansion of Ruminococcous gnavus.

Ruminococcus gnavus is a mucolytic commensal bacterium whose increased gut colonization has been associated with chronic inflammatory and metabolic diseases in humans. Whether R. gnavus metabolites can modulate host intestinal physiology remains largely understudied.

DarwinGSE: Towards better image retrieval systems for intellectual property datasets.

A trademark's image is usually the first type of indirect contact between a consumer and a product or a service. Companies rely on graphical trademarks as a symbol of quality and instant recognition, seeking to protect them from copyright infringements. A popular defense mechanism is graphical searching, where an image is compared to a large database to find potential conflicts with similar trademarks.

International society of sports nutrition position stand: ketogenic diets.

Position Statement: The International Society of Sports Nutrition (ISSN) provides an objective and critical review of the use of a ketogenic diet in healthy exercising adults, with a focus on exercise performance and body composition. However, this review does not address the use of exogenous ketone supplements. The following points summarize the position of the ISSN.

Metal-ring interactions in group 2 -metallocenes: assessed with the local vibrational mode theory.

-metallocenes, a vital class of organometallic compounds, have attracted significant attention due to their diverse structural motifs and their pivotal roles in catalysis and materials science. We investigated 37 distinct group 2 -metallocenes at the B3LYP-D3/def2-TZVP level of theory. Utilizing local mode force constants derived from our local vibrational mode theory, including a special force constant directly targeting the metal-ring interaction, we could unveil latent structural differences between solvated and non-solvated metallocenophanes and the influence of the solvent on complex stability and structure.

Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG Stimulates Dietary Tryptophan-Dependent Production of Barrier-Protecting Methylnicotinamide.

Background & Aims: Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) is the world's most consumed probiotic but its mechanism of action on intestinal permeability and differentiation along with its interactions with an essential source of signaling metabolites, dietary tryptophan (trp), are unclear.

Methods: Untargeted metabolomic and transcriptomic analyses were performed in LGG monocolonized germ-free mice fed trp-free or -sufficient diets. LGG-derived metabolites were profiled in vitro under anaerobic and aerobic conditions.

Common questions and misconceptions about protein supplementation: what does the scientific evidence really show?

Protein supplementation often refers to increasing the intake of this particular macronutrient through dietary supplements in the form of powders, ready-to-drink shakes, and bars. The primary purpose of protein supplementation is to augment dietary protein intake, aiding individuals in meeting their protein requirements, especially when it may be challenging to do so through regular food (i.e.

Common questions and misconceptions about caffeine supplementation: what does the scientific evidence really show?

Caffeine is a popular ergogenic aid that has a plethora of evidence highlighting its positive effects. A Google Scholar search using the keywords "caffeine" and "exercise" yields over 200,000 results, emphasizing the extensive research on this topic. However, despite the vast amount of available data, it is intriguing that uncertainties persist regarding the effectiveness and safety of caffeine.

Dalbavancin Sequential Therapy for Gram-Positive Bloodstream Infection: A Multicenter Observational Study.

Introduction: Long-acting lipoglycopeptides such as dalbavancin may have utility in patients with Gram-positive bloodstream infections (BSI), particularly in those with barriers to discharge or who require prolonged parenteral antibiotic courses. A retrospective cohort study was performed to provide further multicenter real-world evidence on dalbavancin use as a sequential therapy for Gram-positive BSI.

Methods: One hundred fifteen patients received dalbavancin with Gram-positive BSI, defined as any positive blood culture or diagnosed with infective endocarditis, from 13 centers geographically spread across the United States between July 2015 and July 2021.

The Psychedelic Future of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Treatment.

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a mental health condition that can occur following exposure to a traumatic experience. An estimated 12 million U.S.

Iron-histidine bonding in bishistidyl hemoproteins-A local vibrational mode study.

We investigated the intrinsic strength of distal and proximal FeN bonds for both ferric and ferrous oxidation states of bishistidyl hemoproteins from bacteria, animals, human, and plants, including two cytoglobins, ten hemoglobins, two myoglobins, six neuroglobins, and six phytoglobins. As a qualified measure of bond strength, we used local vibrational force constants k (FeN) based on local mode theory developed in our group. All calculations were performed with a hybrid QM/MM ansatz.

E-scooters: Still the new kid on the transport block. Assessing e-scooter legislation knowledge and illegal riding behaviour.

The use of e-scooters is rapidly increasing in cities, leading to their integration into the transportation system. However, numerous collisions involving e-scooters, including some resulting in fatalities, have been reported since their introduction. These incidents indicate that the potential dangers posed by e-scooters may be underestimated.

Programs, Origins, and Niches of Immunomodulatory Myeloid Cells in Gliomas.

Gliomas are incurable malignancies notable for an immunosuppressive microenvironment with abundant myeloid cells whose immunomodulatory properties remain poorly defined. Here, utilizing scRNA-seq data for 183,062 myeloid cells from 85 human tumors, we discover that nearly all glioma-associated myeloid cells express at least one of four immunomodulatory activity programs: Scavenger Immunosuppressive, C1Q Immunosuppressive, CXCR4 Inflammatory, and IL1B Inflammatory. All four programs are present in IDH1 mutant and wild-type gliomas and are expressed in macrophages, monocytes, and microglia whether of blood or resident myeloid cell origins.