Coping and anxiety symptoms in family carers of dependent older people: Mediation and moderation effects of subjective caregiver burden.

Introduction: Coping responses influence anxiety symptoms experienced by informal carers. However, only a few studies have investigated the longitudinal association between coping responses and anxiety symptoms in family carers. We also currently have limited knowledge on the mediating or moderating influence of subjective caregiver burden on this relationship over time.

Perceptions, Motivations, and Empowerment Strategies of Midwives in Rural and Remote Areas of Northern Morocco.

The shortage of midwives is a problem in rural and remote areas. This is mainly the consequence of job insecurity and difficult living conditions. The present study aimed to identify and analyse the perceptions and motivations of midwives in rural and remote areas of northern Morocco on the quality of their working life and the motivational factors and empowerment strategies they use to maintain and develop their work.

Relationship between sense of coherence and health-related behaviours in adolescents and young adults: a systematic review.

Background: The sense of coherence is developed through the learning process and contributes to the positioning of individuals in the health-disease continuum, facilitating successful and adaptive personal outcomes. Health-related behaviours represent a health determinant of utmost importance for public health and the development of adolescent and youth health promotion policies, as they are related to the main risk factors and problems of morbidity and mortality in our society. Previous studies have analysed the relationship between sense of coherence and only some individual health outcomes such as oral health, the relationship of sense of coherence with smoking and alcohol consumption, concluding that salutogenic factors are related to quality of life and preventive behaviours.

The relationship between perceived social support and psychological distress in carers of older relatives: A longitudinal cross-lagged analysis.

Background And Objectives: Although a large body of research has examined the relationship between social support and psychological health of family carers of frail older people, the exact nature and direction of this relationship is not well understood with most research to date being cross-sectional. This longitudinal study explored the relationship between perceived social support and psychological distress in carers of older relatives.

Methods: We used data from two longitudinal cohorts which included a total of 332 family carers of frail older people.

Validity and Reliability of the Caregiver Strain Index Scale in Women during the Puerperium in Spain.

Background: The objective of this study is to determine the validity and reliability of the Caregiver Strain Index (CSI) for women during the postpartum period. Methods This is a validation study of a measurement instrument. This study includes 212 women over the age of 19 who gave birth from March to September 2019 in Maternal and Child Hospital of Jaén (Spain).

The mediating role of sense of coherence on mental health outcomes in carers of older dependent relatives: A longitudinal study.

Background: Sense of coherence (SOC) is an important protective factor for carer well-being but research to date remains cross-sectional, focusing primarily on the direct effects of SOC on carers' mental health. The study's aim was to investigate the mediating role of SOC in the longitudinal relationship between caregiver strain and carers' psychological health, and its stability over time.

Methods: Prospective longitudinal study conducted in Jaén (Spain) with a probabilistic sample of 132 carers of older people, with data collected at baseline and at 1-year follow-up.

Personal and Family Resources Related to Depressive and Anxiety Symptoms in Women during Puerperium.

: This study investigated the relationship between personal and family resources (i.e., social support, family functioning, self-efficacy in care, sense of coherence and perceived burden of care) and depressive and anxiety symptoms in women during the puerperium, adjusting for stressors.

Design and Validation of a Questionnaire on Communicating Bad News in Nursing: A Pilot Study.

Communicating bad news (CBN) is a fundamental skill in nursing; nevertheless, few instruments exist for its evaluation. This study presents a questionnaire designed to measure nurses' knowledge and ability of CBN, as well as the analysis of its psychometric properties. Based on a literature search, the initial dimensions of CBN were identified to construct the questionnaires' items, which were evaluated by experts for the validity of the items' contents.

Perceived Needs of The Family Caregivers of People with Dementia in a Mediterranean Setting: A Qualitative Study.

The purpose of this study was to identify, classify and analyze the perceived needs of caregivers of elderly people with dementia during the care process. A descriptive phenomenological qualitative study using seven focus groups was conducted in different primary health care centers in the province of Jaén (Spain) between July 2012 and February 2013. Eighty-two family caregivers who were caring for people with dementia in different stages of the disease were selected by purposeful maximum variation sampling.

[Motives and perceptions of family care for dependent elderly].

Objective: To identify and analyze the motives that lead people to take care of a dependent relative and their perceptions of the care situation.

Design: Phenomenological qualitative study.

Location: The study was conducted in the Jaén-Norte Sanitary District, during 2013 and 2014.

The start of caring for an elderly dependent family member: a qualitative metasynthesis.

Background: The family often takes care of an elderly person who suddenly becomes dependent. This greatly affects different aspects of the caregivers' lives. The aim of this study is to explore the initial experiences, during the first year of care, of persons who suddenly become caregivers for elderly dependent relatives.

[Validity and reliability of the sense of coherence scale among nursing undergraduate students from a Spanish university].

Objective: To analyze the factor structure of the OLQ-13 scale and to study the direct relationship between sense of coherence and lifestyles in university students of nursing.

Method: Cross-sectional study.

Location: University of Jaén.

Social support and subjective burden in caregivers of adults and older adults: A meta-analysis.

Background: Despite the generally accepted belief that social support improves caregiver adjustment in general and subjective burden in particular, the literature shows mixed findings, and a recent review concluded that the predictive strength of caregiver social support in determining caregiver burden is less evident, due to the conceptual diversity of this determinant.

Objective: The purpose of this review is to analyse the relationship of perceived and received social support with subjective burden among informal caregivers of an adult or older adult.

Methods: A systematic search was carried out up to September 2017 in the following databases: MEDLINE (PubMed), CINAHL, EMBASE, PsycINFO), Scopus and ISI Proceedings, and a meta-analysis was performed with the results of the selected and included studies.

[Sense of coherence and subjective overload, anxiety and depression in caregivers of elderly relatives].

Objective: To analyze the relationship between the sense of coherence and subjective overload, anxiety and depression in caregivers of dependent elderly relatives.

Method: Cross-sectional study in an area of the province of Jaén (Andalusia, Spain) with a probabilistic sample of 132 caregivers of dependent elderly.

Main Measures: sense of coherence (Life Orientation Questionnaire), subjective burden (Caregiver Strain Index), anxiety and depression (Goldberg Scale), objective burden (Dedication to Care Scale), sex and kinship.

Determinants of depression in primary caregivers of disabled older relatives: a path analysis.

Background: Despite the large literature analysing factors related to depression, several factors such as caregiving obligation and the interrelationships among the different variables relating to depression have been little studied. The current study aimed to analyse the effect of caregiving obligation (beliefs regarding obligation and social pressure) on depression, and the mediating effects of perceived burden on the relationship between stressors and depression, in primary caregivers of older relatives.

Methods: Cross-sectional study design.

[The first moments of the carer: The process of becoming a caregiver of a dependent elderly relative].

Aim: Describe the initial process through which people who imminently become caregivers of a dependent elderly relative.

Design: Qualitative study, for which its analysis has been directed by Grounded Theory principles.

Location: This study was conducted in the Health Districts of Jaén, during 2015 and 2016 at the community level.

Gender differences in primary home caregivers of older relatives in a Mediterranean environment: A cross-sectional study.

A cross-sectional study was developed in Spain to analyse gender differences in intensity of care, care recipient needs and subjective burden, as well as the moderating effects of kinship on the relationship between gender and subjective burden. A probabilistic sample of 200 primary caregivers (100 male and 100 female) of older relatives was interviewed by expert nurses. Socio-demographic data and several scales regarding objective and subjective burden were used to collect data.

[Primary care nurses' difficulties in advance care planning processes: A qualitative study].

Objective: To know the primary care nurses' difficulties to promote advance care planning process with patients in the end of life.

Design: Phenomenological qualitative methodology.

Location: Health Management Area North of Jaén.

[Problems in the process of adapting to change among the family caregivers of elderly people with dementia].

Objective: To identify and analyse problems in adapting to change among the family caregivers of relatives with dementia.

Method: Qualitative study based on the methodology of Charmaz's Constructivist Grounded Theory. Seven focus groups were conducted in different primary health care centres in the province of Jaen (Spain).

The Association of Satisfaction and Perceived Burden With Anxiety and Depression in Primary Caregivers of Dependent Elderly Relatives.

Some researchers have viewed caregiver burden and satisfaction as two ends of the same continuum rather than as independent aspects of the caregiving experience. We conducted a cross-sectional study of primary caregivers of dependent elderly relatives in Spain (N = 200; probabilistic sample), to determine whether satisfaction and perceived burden coexisted in caregivers, and whether these variables, considered separately and in combination, were associated with anxiety and depression, while controlling for objective aspects of care recipients' needs. Data on satisfaction with care, perceived burden, objective burden, anxiety, and depression were gathered in 2013 by interviews in caregivers' homes.

[Desing and validation of a scale to measure caregiving dedication in caregivers of dependent older people].

Objective: To develop and validate a scale to measure caregiving dedication regarding activities of daily living in caregivers of dependent older people.

Design: Cross-sectional study.

Location: Primary Health Care (Andalusia, Spain).

Coping, subjective burden and anxiety among family caregivers of older dependents.

Aims And Objectives: To investigate relationships between anxiety and stressors,coping and subjective burden and to contribute to defining factors related to anxiety among family caregivers of older dependents.

Background: Despite the studies analysing factors related to anxiety in caregivers, there is not enough evidence about this issue.

Design: Cross-sectional design.

Cultural correlates of burden in primary caregivers of older relatives: a cross-sectional study.

Purpose: To analyze the effect of cultural factors on the subjective burden of primary home caregivers of older relatives.

Design: Cross-sectional study. Primary home caregivers (N = 208) of older relatives were recruited in Spain using systematic random sampling.

Gender differences regarding informal caregivers of older people.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to examine differences related to gender among informal caregivers serving older disabled individuals.

Design And Methods: A secondary analysis of the most recent national cross-sectional survey, which was conducted in Spain on informal caregivers who served older individuals (65 years of age or older), was conducted in 2011 (N= 1,272, probability sample). The relationships between gender and intensity of care (amount and type of care provided), duration of caregiving, subjective burden, and satisfaction with caregiving were analyzed by bivariate and multivariate procedures.

Subjective burden and cultural motives for caregiving in informal caregivers of older people.

Purpose: The aims of this study were to investigate variables related to cultural caregiving motives (obligation and reciprocity) and to analyze the relationship between these cultural caregiving motives and subjective burden in informal caregivers of disabled older people.

Design And Methods: A secondary analysis of the last cross-sectional Spanish survey of informal caregivers of older people (n= 1,284, probability sample) was performed. Measurements included sociodemographic characteristics of caregivers (gender, age, relationship with care recipient, primary caregiver status, and duration of caregiving), intensity of care (hours per week, type of care, and number of activities of daily living [ADL] assisted), cultural motives for caregiving (obligation and balanced reciprocity), and caregiver subjective burden.