Clinical Predictors and Biomarkers in Children With Sepsis and Bacterial Meningitis.

Objectives: Sepsis and meningitis in children may present with different clinical features and a wide range of values of inflammatory markers. The aim of this study was to identify the prognostic value of clinical features and biomarkers in children with sepsis and bacterial meningitis in the emergency department (ED).

Methods: We carried out a single-center, retrospective, observational study on 194 children aged 0 to 14 years with sepsis and bacterial meningitis admitted to the pediatric ED of a tertiary children's hospital through 12 years.

Infantile idiopathic intracranial hypertension: case report and review of the literature.

Background: Idiopathic intracranial hypertension is an infrequent condition of childhood, and is extremely rare in infants, with only 26 cases described. The etiology is still unknown. Typical clinical manifestations change with age, and symptoms are atypical in infants, thus the diagnosis could be late.

Can we trust in Sars-CoV-2 rapid antigen testing? Preliminary results from a paediatric cohort in the emergency department.

Background: Rapid identification of Covid-19 in the paediatric emergency department is critical; Antigen tests are fast but poorly investigated in children.

Aims: To investigate Sars-CoV-2 antigen rapid test in children.

Methods: We compare the performance of LumiraDx with molecular tests in a paediatric emergency department.

First diagnosis of multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C): an analysis of PoCUS findings in the ED.

Children with multisystem inflammatory syndrome (MIS-C) tend to develop a clinical condition of fluid overload due both to contractile cardiac pump deficit and to endotheliitis with subsequent capillary leak syndrome. In this context, the ability of point-of-care ultrasound (PoCUS) to simultaneously explore multiple systems and detect polyserositis could promote adequate therapeutic management of fluid balance. We describe the PoCUS findings in a case-series of MIS-C patients admitted to the Emergency Department.

Pediatric admissions to emergency departments of North-Western Italy during COVID-19 pandemic: A retrospective observational study.

Background: COVID-19 pandemic caused huge decrease of pediatric admissions to Emergency Department (ED), arising concerns about possible delays in diagnosis and treatment of severe disorders.

Methods: Impact of COVID-19 on Pediatric Emergency Room (ICOPER) was a retrospective multicentre observational study including 23 Italian EDs.All the children <18 years admitted, between March 9th and May 3rd 2020 stratified by age, priority code, cause of admission and outcome have been included and compared to those admitted in the same period of 2019.

[Non pharmacologic interventions for pain associated to venipuncture in children: a literature review].

Unlabelled: . Non pharmacologic interventions for pain associated to venipuncture in children: a literature review.

Introduction: Venipuncture is one of the most common painful procedures performed on children.

Accuracy of Point-of-Care Ultrasound in Detecting Fractures in Children: A Validation Study.

This study sought to compare point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) and conventional X-rays for detecting fractures in children. This was a prospective, non-randomized, convenience-sample study conducted in five medical centers. It evaluated pediatric patients with trauma.

COnsensus on Pediatric Pain in the Emergency Room: the COPPER project, issued by 17 Italian scientific societies.

In the pediatric setting, management of pain in the emergency department - and even in common care - is a challenging exercise, due to the complexity of the pediatric patient, poor specific training of many physicians, and scant resources.A joint effort of several Italian societies involved in pediatrics or in pain management has led to the definition of the PIPER group and the COPPER project. By applying a modified Delphi method, the COPPER project resulted in the definition of 10 fundamental statements.

Childhood acute poisoning in the Italian North-West area: a six-year retrospective study.

Background: Data about acute poisoning in Italian pediatric patients are obsolete or absent. This study would partially fill this exiting gap and compare the scene with others around the world.

Methods: A retrospective evaluation was performed on a 2012-2017 data registry of the Children's Emergency Department at the Regina Margherita Hospital of Turin, where 1030 children under age 14 were accepted with a diagnosis of acute intoxication.

Pain management in children has significantly improved in the Italian emergency departments.

Aim: Pain in children is often poorly assessed and treated in Italian emergency departments (EDs) as found in a survey conducted among the centres of the "Pain in Pediatric Emergency Room (PIPER)" Study Group in 2010. Our aim was to evaluate the changes in pain management in Italian EDs in the last years.

Method: A structured questionnaire about pain assessment, protocols, use of local anaesthetics before venipuncture, opioids and adjuvants was mailed to 46 Italian EDs between November 2017 and April 2018.

[Premature departure from pediatric emergency department: retrospective analysis and preventive strategies.].

Unlabelled: . Premature departure from pediatric emergency department: retrospective analysis and preventive strategies.

Introduction: The overcrowding of Emergency Departments (EDs) is a major cause of increased waiting time for the medical evaluation and dissatisfaction of children and their families, who often decide to leave before the visit is completed.

Acute hyperkinetic movement disorders in Italian paediatric emergency departments.

Introduction: Limited data exist on epidemiology, clinical presentation and management of acute hyperkinetic movement disorders (AHMD) in paediatric emergency departments (pED).

Methods: We retrospectively analysed a case series of 256 children (aged 2 months to 17 years) presenting with AHMD to the pEDs of six Italian tertiary care hospitals over a 2-year period (January 2012 to December 2013).

Results: The most common type of AHMD was tics (44.

Headache in the pediatric emergency department: A 5-year retrospective study.

Aim To determine the red flags for serious organic causes of headache in children, to analyze if the management of headache in the Pediatric Emergency Department is appropriate, and whether the follow-up may limit repeated visits to the Emergency Department. Methods All the patients ≤ 18 years referred to our pediatric Emergency Department for non-traumatic headache over 5 years were retrospectively reviewed. The patients followed up by the Pediatric Headache Centre were also screened.

Oral Ondansetron versus Domperidone for Acute Gastroenteritis in Pediatric Emergency Departments: Multicenter Double Blind Randomized Controlled Trial.

The use of antiemetics for vomiting in acute gastroenteritis in children is still a matter of debate. We conducted a double-blind randomized trial to evaluate whether a single oral dose of ondansetron vs domperidone or placebo improves outcomes in children with gastroenteritis. After failure of initial oral rehydration administration, children aged 1-6 years admitted for gastroenteritis to the pediatric emergency departments of 15 hospitals in Italy were randomized to receive one oral dose of ondansetron (0.

Acute Hemorrhagic Edema of Infancy: Still a Challenge for the Pediatrician.

We report a case of acute hemorrhagic edema of infancy (AHEI) occurred in an 11-month-old male infant after upper respiratory tract infection. The onset was dramatic with petechiae, ecchymosis, and annular, nummular, or targetoid purpuric plaques on the extremities, face, and ears. Acute hemorrhagic edema of infancy is a benign form of leukocytoclastic vasculitis that typically affects children between 4 and 24 months of age.

Inter-society consensus document on treatment and prevention of bronchiolitis in newborns and infants.

Acute bronchiolitis is the leading cause of lower respiratory tract infection and hospitalization in children less than 1 year of age worldwide. It is usually a mild disease, but some children may develop severe symptoms, requiring hospital admission and ventilatory support in the ICU. Infants with pre-existing risk factors (prematurity, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, congenital heart diseases and immunodeficiency) may be predisposed to a severe form of the disease.

Oral ondansetron versus domperidone for symptomatic treatment of vomiting during acute gastroenteritis in children: multicentre randomized controlled trial.

Background: Vomiting in children with acute gastroenteritis (AG) is not only a direct cause of fluid loss but it is also a major factor of failure of oral rehydration therapy (ORT). Physicians who provide care to paediatric patients in the emergency department (ED) usually prescribe intravenous fluid therapy (IVT) for mild or moderate dehydration when vomiting is the major symptom. Thus, effective symptomatic treatment of vomiting would lead to an important reduction in the use of IVT and, consequently, of the duration of hospital stay and of frequency of hospital admission.