Spironolactone Versus Clonidine as a Fourth-Drug Therapy for Resistant Hypertension: The ReHOT Randomized Study (Resistant Hypertension Optimal Treatment).

Unlabelled: The aim of this study is to compare spironolactone versus clonidine as the fourth drug in patients with resistant hypertension in a multicenter, randomized trial. Medical therapy adherence was checked by pill counting. Patients with resistant hypertension (no office and ambulatory blood pressure [BP] monitoring control, despite treatment with 3 drugs, including a diuretic, for 12 weeks) were randomized to an additional 12-week treatment with spironolactone (12.

The influence of dietary and supplemental calcium on postprandial effects of a high-fat meal on lipaemia, glycaemia, C-reactive protein and adiponectin in obese women.

Non-fasting hypertriacylglycerolaemia is a risk factor for CVD and the amount of fat in a meal seems to be the main factor influencing postprandial lipaemia. Although several studies suggest that Ca can increase faecal fat excretion, it is not known whether Ca can decrease postprandial TAG. This study aimed to evaluate the influence of dietary Ca (DC) and supplemental Ca (SC) on lipaemia, glucose metabolism, C-reactive protein (CRP) and adiponectin during postprandial period in obese women challenged with a high-fat meal.

Short-term Effects of Green Tea on Blood Pressure, Endothelial Function, and Metabolic Profile in Obese Prehypertensive Women: A Crossover Randomized Clinical Trial.

Background: Green tea consumption has been inversely associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD) in epidemiological studies. Although some interventional trials suggest that green tea has beneficial effects on CVD risk factors, such as hypertension and obesity, others have failed to show such benefits.

Aims: To evaluate the short-term effects of green tea on blood pressure, endothelial function, metabolic profile, and inflammatory activity in obese prehypertensive women.

No difference in acute effects of supplemental v. dietary calcium on blood pressure and microvascular function in obese women challenged with a high-fat meal: a cross-over randomised study.

Recent studies suggest that supplemental Ca (SC) increases the risk of cardiovascular events, whereas dietary Ca (DC) decreases the risk of cardiovascular events. Although frequently consumed with meals, it remains unclear whether Ca can mitigate or aggravate the deleterious effects of a high-fat meal on cardiovascular risk factors. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of SC or DC on blood pressure (BP) and microvascular function (MVF) in the postprandial period in obese women challenged with a high-fat meal.

The effects of moderate energy restriction on apnoea severity and CVD risk factors in obese patients with obstructive sleep apnoea.

Nutritional intervention for weight loss is one of the treatment options for obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) in patients with overweight or obesity. However, the effects of moderate energy restriction on OSA severity are not yet known. The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of moderate energy restriction on OSA severity and CVD risk factors in obese patients with OSA.

Obstructive sleep apnea is independently associated with inflammation and insulin resistance, but not with blood pressure, plasma catecholamines, and endothelial function in obese subjects.

Objectives: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Several of the proposed mechanisms for the development of CVD in OSA are similar to those proposed for the increased risk of CVD in obesity, so that it is difficult to determine the influence of OSA on these pathogenic mechanisms in obese individuals. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship of OSA with endothelial function, oxidative stress, inflammatory biomarkers, metabolic profile, sympathetic nervous system activity, and blood pressure (BP) in obese individuals.

Vitamin d deficiency is associated with insulin resistance independent of intracellular calcium, dietary calcium and serum levels of parathormone, calcitriol and calcium in premenopausal women.

Background: There is evidence that vitamin D deficiency is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease. However, it is not known if this association is independent of dietary calcium, intracellular calcium and serum levels of parathormone, calcitriol and calcium.

Objectives: To investigate the independent relationship of vitamin D deficiency with insulin resistance, lipid profile, inflammatory status, blood pressure and endothelial function.

Adiposity and cardiovascular disease risk factors in renal transplant recipients: Are there differences between sexes?

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate high body adiposity and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors prevalence, in renal transplant recipients (RTR), comparing men with women.

Methods: In this retrospective cross-sectional study, 102 patients (55 men) who were 49 ± 1.2 y and 114.

Antihypertensive treatment improves microvascular rarefaction and reactivity in low-risk hypertensive individuals.

Objective: To test whether long-term antihypertensive treatment with metoprolol succinate (a β₁-adrenoceptor blocker) or olmesartan medoxomil (an angiotensin II AT₁-receptor blocker) reverses microvascular dysfunction in hypertensive patients.

Methods: This study included 44 hypertensive outpatients and 20 age and sex-matched healthy controls. We used skin capillaroscopy to measure capillary density and recruitment at rest and during PORH.

Dietary calcium intake is associated with adiposity, metabolic profile, inflammatory state and blood pressure, but not with erythrocyte intracellular calcium and endothelial function in healthy pre-menopausal women.

Recent studies have suggested that dietary Ca may have beneficial effects on adiposity, insulin resistance, dyslipidaemia and blood pressure (BP). One potential mechanism underlying these benefits involves modifications in intracellular Ca concentration ([Ca2+]i). The present study aimed to evaluate the associations of dietary Ca with adiposity, erythrocyte [Ca2+]i, metabolic profile, BP, inflammatory state and endothelial function in healthy pre-menopausal women.

Consumption of high-polyphenol dark chocolate improves endothelial function in individuals with stage 1 hypertension and excess body weight.

Background. Hypertension and excess body weight are important risk factors for endothelial dysfunction. Recent evidence suggests that high-polyphenol dark chocolate improves endothelial function and lowers blood pressure.

Effects of weight loss from a high-calcium energy-reduced diet on biomarkers of inflammatory stress, fibrinolysis, and endothelial function in obese subjects.

Objective: Obesity is characterized by chronic subclinical inflammation, which is critical to endothelial dysfunction. Weight loss, induced by lifestyle interventions, is associated with a decline in biomarkers of inflammation and endothelial dysfunction. There is little evidence that high dietary calcium intake may reduce inflammation and improve endothelial function.

Does calcium intake affect cardiovascular risk factors and/or events?

Dietary intervention is an important approach in the prevention of cardiovascular disease. Over the last decade, some studies have suggested that a calcium-rich diet could help to control body weight, with anti-obesity effects. The potential mechanism underlying the impact of calcium on body fat has been investigated, but it is not fully understood.

Association between leptin and its soluble receptor with cardiometabolic risk factors in a Brazilian population.

Background: Most studies evaluating the conjoint effects of leptin and human soluble leptin receptor (hs-LR) on cardiometabolic risk factors have been conducted in well-characterized ethnic groups. We aimed to assess the associations of leptin and hs-LR with the cardiometabolic risk factors that reflect the components of metabolic syndrome (MetS) in a Brazilian population with varying degrees of adiposity.

Methods: This is a cross-sectional analysis of adult subjects (n=173, age 45 ± 12 years, 124 women; body mass index [BMI] 35.

Dietary counseling on long-term weight loss in overweight hypertensive patients.

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate long-term weight loss in overweight hypertensive patients receiving dietary counseling.

Methods: Longitudinal study included overweight hypertensive patients who had an initial individual consultation with a nutritionist between January 2002 and December 2005 and were followed for four years in a hypertension clinic. Patients who had at least four consultations during the follow-up period were included in the dietary counseling group.

A pilot study on the relation between dietary calcium and clinical parameters in renal transplant recipients.

Objective: This aim of this study was to evaluate the association between dietary calcium and variables that include body mass index, abdominal obesity, metabolic profile, and blood pressure levels in renal transplant patients.

Design: A cross-sectional study was conducted.

Setting: Eligible patients were recruited from renal transplant outpatient clinics at Pedro Ernesto University Hospital, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

Dietary calcium intake and its relationship with adiposity and metabolic profile in hypertensive patients.

Objective: An inverse relation between dietary calcium and adiposity has been found in several epidemiologic studies. Recent evidence has also suggested that a calcium-rich diet may have beneficial effects on insulin resistance and dyslipidemia. This study aimed to evaluate the association of dietary calcium intake with global adiposity, abdominal obesity, and metabolic profile in hypertensive patients.

Temporal relation between body mass index and renal function in individuals with hypertension and excess body weight.

Objective: Recent evidence has suggested obesity as an independent risk factor for chronic kidney disease. However, the temporal relation between body mass index (BMI) and early renal dysfunction is unknown. This study aimed at evaluating whether longitudinal variations in BMI would reflect on changes in estimated glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in hypertensive individuals with excess body weight.