Functional gastrointestinal disorders predictors in neonates and toddlers: A machine learning approach to risk assessment.

Background: Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders (FGIDs) can pose a great burden on affected children, their families, and the healthcare system. Due to the lack of knowledge about the precise pathophysiology of FGIDs, a proper identification of children at risk to develop FGIDs has never been attempted. The research aims to identify early-life risk factors for FGIDs such as infantile colic, regurgitation, and functional constipation, within the first year of life.

Lactate accumulation promotes immunosuppression and fibrotic transformation of bone marrow microenvironment in myelofibrosis.

Background: Clonal myeloproliferation and fibrotic transformation of the bone marrow (BM) are the pathogenetic events most commonly occurring in myelofibrosis (MF). There is great evidence indicating that tumor microenvironment is characterized by high lactate levels, acting not only as an energetic source, but also as a signaling molecule.

Methods: To test the involvement of lactate in MF milieu transformation, we measured its levels in MF patients' sera, eventually finding a massive accumulation of this metabolite, which we showed to promote the expansion of immunosuppressive subsets.

How social media are changing pediatricians and pediatrics? - A claim for regulation.

Background: Social media has revolutionized the way healthcare professionals communicate with the public, particularly in Pediatrics. With over 5 billion users globally, platforms such as Facebook, Instagram, and TikTok have become increasingly popular even among caregivers in recent years. These channels offer unique opportunities to improve public health education, allowing pediatricians to reach a wide audience with evidence-based content.

Fever management in children and insights into fever of unknown origin: a survey among Italian pediatricians.

Background: Fever is a common symptom in children, but despite existing guidelines, pediatricians may not fully apply recommendations. Fever of Unknown Origin (FUO) is generally referred to as an unexplained prolonged fever. However, a standardized FUO definition and management is missing.

Prioritizing educational initiatives on emerging technologies for Italian pediatricians: bibliometric review and a survey.

Background: Emerging technologies have demonstrated outstanding potential in improving healthcare, yet their full integration remains a challenge for all medical specialties, including pediatrics. To support the swift implementation of technologies, we identified the current trends through a bibliometric review, and we conducted a survey on Italian pediatricians to gauge educational needs and willingness to integrate technologies into clinical practice.

Methods: A working group of pediatricians representing various backgrounds designed and coordinated the study.

Do social media interventions increase vaccine uptake?

Introduction: The Italian mass COVID-19 vaccination campaign has included children aged 5-11 years as part of the target population since December 2021. One of the biggest challenges to vaccine uptake was vaccine hesitancy among parents and children's caregivers. Primary care pediatricians (PCPs), as the first point of contact between the National Health Service (NHS) and parents/caretakers, initiated various communication strategies to tackle this hesitancy.

The Use of Social Media in Children and Adolescents: Scoping Review on the Potential Risks.

In recent years, social media has become part of our lives, even among children. From the beginning of COVID-19 pandemic period, media device and Internet access rapidly increased. Adolescents connected Internet alone, consulting social media, mostly Instagram, TikTok, and YouTube.

Complementary feeding in preterm infants: a position paper by Italian neonatal, paediatric and paediatric gastroenterology joint societies.

Nutrition in the first 1000 days of life is essential to ensure appropriate growth rates, prevent adverse short- and long-term outcomes, and allow physiologic neurocognitive development. Appropriate management of early nutritional needs is particularly crucial for preterm infants. Although the impact of early nutrition on health outcomes in preterm infants is well established, evidence-based recommendations on complementary feeding for preterm neonates and especially extremely low birth weight and extremely low gestational age neonates are still lacking.

Diagnostic and surgical innovations in otolaryngology for adult and paediatric patients during the COVID-19 era.

Unlabelled: During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, otolaryngology has been shown to be a high-risk specialty due to the exposure to aerosol-generating physical examinations, procedures and surgical interventions on the head and neck area, both in adult and paediatric patients. This has prompted the issue of updating the guidelines by International Health Authorities in the Ear Nose and Throat (ENT) field and, at the same time, has stimulated engineers and healthcare professionals to develop new devices and technologies with the aim of reducing the risk of contamination for physicians, nurses and patients.

Methods: A review of the literature published on PubMed, Ovid/Medline and Scopus databases was performed from January 01, 2020 to December 31, 2021.

The Effective Management of Fever in Pediatrics and Insights on Remote Management: Experts' Consensus Using a Delphi Approach.

Background: Even after the publication of the 2017 update of Italian guidelines on treatment of fever in pediatrics, some fundamental questions are still open and new ones emerged during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Objective: To assess the level of consensus among Italian pediatricians on different topics related to treatment of fever in children by using the Delphi technique.

Methods: A Delphi study was undertaken between June and September 2021, when two questionnaires were consecutively sent to a panel of experts to be answered anonymously.

Psychological Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Pregnant Women.

Objective: The aim of this study is to assess the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on mental health, type of delivery, and neonatal feeding of pregnant women with or without SARS-CoV-2 infection during gestation.

Study Design: The study was conducted online, and anonymous survey was distributed to mothers that delivered during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Results: The survey was completed by 286 women, and 64 women (22.

Social Media Interventions Strengthened COVID-19 Immunization Campaign.

Background: Since The Italian Medicines Agency (AIFA) has recommended the COVID-19 vaccine Comirnaty in children aged 5-11, the immunization campaign faced vaccine hesitancy in parents. Social media are emerging as leading information source that could play a significant role to counteract vaccine hesitancy, influencing parents' opinions and perceptions. Our aim was to evaluate the coverage of the COVID-19 vaccine Comirnaty in a cohort of children aged 5-11 whose families have been counseled to use Social Media to counteract vaccine hesitancy.

[GLP-1 receptor agonists in the treatment of diabetes mellitus type 2: cardioprotection, and more!].

Optimal glycemic control in diabetic patients remains a difficult goal to achieve. Hypoglycemia, nausea and weight gain can compromise the patients' adherence to antidiabetic therapy over time. GLP-1 receptor agonists have been shown to improve glycemic control and reduce the incidence of side effects both when used in monotherapy and in combination with other hypoglycemic drugs.

In-hospital and web-based intervention to counteract vaccine hesitancy in very preterm infants' families: a NICU experience.

Background: Vaccine hesitancy is a global problem, carrying significant health risks for extremely vulnerable population as that of preterm infants. Social media are emerging as significant tools for public health promotion. Our aim was to evaluate both the coverage and the timeliness of routine immunizations in a cohort of preterm infants (< 33 weeks of gestational age) at 24 months of age whose families have been subjected to in-hospital and web-based interventions to counteract vaccine hesitancy.

Lung Ultrasound in Pediatrics and Neonatology: An Update.

The potential role of ultrasound for the diagnosis of pulmonary diseases is a recent field of research, because, traditionally, lungs have been considered unsuitable for ultrasonography for the high presence of air and thoracic cage that prevent a clear evaluation of the organ. The peculiar anatomy of the pediatric chest favors the use of lung ultrasound (LUS) for the diagnosis of respiratory conditions through the interpretation of artefacts generated at the pleural surface, correlating them to disease-specific patterns. Recent studies demonstrate that LUS can be a valid alternative to chest X-rays for the diagnosis of pulmonary diseases, especially in children to avoid excessive exposure to ionizing radiations.

An extra virgin olive oil-enriched chocolate spread positively modulates insulin-resistance markers compared with a palm oil-enriched one in healthy young adults: A double-blind, cross-over, randomised controlled trial.

Aims: To investigate if extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) or palm oil enriched chocolate spreads consumption leads to different results in terms of plasma ceramides concentration, glucose and lipid metabolism, inflammatory markers and appetite regulation in young healthy subjects.

Methods: In a 2-week, double-blind, cross-over, randomised controlled trial, 20 healthy, normal-weight subjects with a mean age of 24.2 years (SD: 1.

Risks and Protective Factors Associated With Mental Health Symptoms During COVID-19 Home Confinement in Italian Children and Adolescents: The #Understandingkids Study.

To identify risk and protective factors for mental health symptoms associated with lifestyle changes caused by home confinement in pediatric subjects and in children and adolescents with a neuropsychiatric disorder. This was a prospective, cross-sectional study conducted from May 10 to May 31, 2020. Two online anonymous surveys were developed: population-based and clinical-based (children with neuropsychiatric disorders).

The Role of Nasal Nitric Oxide and Anterior Active Rhinomanometry in the Diagnosis of Allergic Rhinitis and Asthma: A Message for Pediatric Clinical Practice.

Background: Allergic rhinitis (AR) and asthma are two common atopic diseases, often associated with a common ethiopathogenesis characterized by a Th2 inflammatory response with the release of many biomarkers, such as nitric oxide (NO).

Purpose: To evaluate and compare inflammatory (nFeNO and eFeNO) and functional (mNF and FEV1) parameters in AR children with or without asthma in comparison to controls. Secondly, we aimed to identify nFeNO cut-off values and verify their reliability to predict the presence of rhinitis or asthma alone or in combination.

Maternal Psychological Factors and Onset of Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders in Offspring: A Prospective Study.

Background/objectives: Functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs) are a heterogeneous group of conditions of unclear etiology. The biopsychosocial model approach to FGIDs posits that early-life stressors may trigger a cascade of complex interactions between genetic predisposition and risk factors eventually leading to the occurrence of FGIDs. The relationship between the psychological disposition of the mother and FGIDs occurrence is poorly understood.

Infantile Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders and Maternal Psychological Status: A Narrative Review.

Background: Functional gastrointestinal disorders are often extremely distressing for the infant and parents, leading to infant discomfort and crying, parental anxiety, repeated healthcare consultations, and escalating healthcare costs.

Aim: In this narrative review, we analyzed the relationship between maternal psychological status during pregnancy and postpartum and the main infantile functional gastrointestinal disorders.

Materials And Methods: The narrative review was conducted searching scientific databases for articles reporting on infantile functional gastrointestinal disorders in association with maternal depressive or anxiety disorders.

Premature Birth is an Independent Risk Factor for Early Adiposity Rebound: Longitudinal Analysis of BMI Data from Birth to 7 Years.

Adiposity rebound (AR) refers to the second rise of the body mass index (BMI) curve that usually occurs physiologically between five and seven years of age. AR timing has a great impact on patients' health, since early adiposity rebound (EAR) is associated with the development of metabolic syndrome later in life. We aimed to investigate the prevalence of EAR in a cohort of inborn preterm infants admitted to the Neonatal Intensive Care Section of the Policlinico University Hospital of Bari, Italy.

The Mediterranean diet increases glucagon-like peptide 1 and oxyntomodulin compared with a vegetarian diet in patients with type 2 diabetes: A randomized controlled cross-over trial.

Aim: To compare a Mediterranean diet (MED) with a high-fibre vegetarian diet (HFV) in terms of hunger-satiety perception through post-prandial assessment of appetite-related hormones glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) and oxyntomodulin, as well as self-rated visual analogue scale (VAS) quantification, in overweight/obese subjects with type 2 diabetes (T2D).

Materials And Methods: Twelve T2D subjects (Male to female ratio = 7:5), mean age 63 ± 8.5 years, were enrolled in a randomized, controlled, crossover study.

Hydrolyzed Protein Formula for Allergy Prevention in Preterm Infants: Follow-Up Analysis of a Randomized, Triple-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study.

Allergic diseases are a major public health burden worldwide. Evidence suggests that early nutrition might play a key role in the future development of allergies and the use of hydrolyzed protein formulas have been proposed to prevent allergic disease, mainly in term infants with risk factors. To evaluate the preventive effect of a hydrolyzed protein formula vs.