Bilateral multifocal chorioretinitis as the only presentation of acute West Nile virus infection: a case report.

Background: To describe a case of bilateral multifocal chorioretinitis as the only presentation of acute West Nile virus (WNV) infection in the absence of neurological involvement.

Case Presentation: A 78-year-old Italian woman was admitted to our emergency department because she noticed blurry vision in both eyes. She did not report fever, fatigue, or neurological symptoms in the last few days.

Ab-externo intraluminal stent for prolonged hypotony and choroidal detachment after Preserflo implantation.

Purpose: To describe a case of prolonged hypotony and choroidal detachment following insertion of a Preserflo™ MicroShunt in a patient with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG).

Case Report: An 84-year-old Caucasian man with medically uncontrolled POAG developed refractory hypotony and choroidal detachment following a mitomycin C augmented Preserflo MicroShunt (PMS) insertion. Initial medical treatment with Dexamethasone 2 mg/mL and Atropine 1% for the hypotony (4 mmHg) and choroidal detachment was unsuccessful, BCVA decreased from the preoperative 20/28 to 20/60.

Choroidal Rift: A New OCT Finding in Eyes with Central Serous Chorioretinopathy.

Central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC) is a complex and not entirely understood retinal disease. The aim of our research was to describe a novel optical coherence tomography (OCT) finding named "choroidal rift", which may be identified in the choroid of eyes with CSC. We collected data from 357 patients (488 eyes) with CSC who had structural OCT and OCT angiography (OCTA) scans obtained.

New surgical approach for sutureless scleral fixation.

Purpose: The aim of this article is to describe a novel surgical technique for sutureless scleral fixation of an intraocular lens using the newly developed FIL SSF Carlevale IOL (Soleko, Italy).

Methods: Four eyes of four patients with poor capsular support were recruited to our study, three resulting from intraocular lens subluxation and one case resulting from traumatic cataract. A novel sutureless sclera-fixated intraocular lens was implanted into the posterior chamber of each eye with sclerocorneal plugs fixating the lens to the wall of the eye.

Multimodal ophthalmic imaging of staphylococcus aureus bacteremia associated with chorioretinitis, endocarditis, and multifocal brain abscesses.

Purpose: bacteriemia (SAB) as critical condition for the life and occasionally involves the eyes. The aim of this report is to describe the ocular involvement with multimodal imaging.

Observations: A patient admitted for evaluation of acute onset of confusion, disorientation, and generalized malaise and found to have methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)-associated endocarditis and multifocal brain abscesses was evaluated by the ophthalmology service.

Choroidal Vascular Changes in Multiple Evanescent White Dot Syndrome.

: To evaluate choroidal structural changes in patients with multiple evanescent white dot syndrome (MEWDS) during the acute and recovery stages.: Enhanced-depth imaging optical coherence tomography (EDI-OCT) scans of 16 patients with unilateral MEWDS were acquired during the acute and recovery stages in both eyes. Images were binarized with the ImageJ software to measure subfoveal choroidal thickness (CT), total choroid area, luminal area and choroidal vascularity index (CVI).

Multimodal imaging of multifocal chorioretinitis secondary to endogenous candida infection.

Purpose: To present multimodal imaging of multifocal chorioretinitis secondary to endogenous candida infection in a young adult.

Methods: A 49-year-old woman who presented for evaluation of bilateral endogenous candida chorioretinitis underwent complete ophthalmic examination, in addition to fundus photography (FP), enhanced depth imaging optical coherence tomography, fundus autofluorescence (FAF), fluorescein angiography (FA), indocyanine green angiography (ICGA) and optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA).

Results: Multimodal imaging of both eyes of the patient affected by endogenous candida chorioretinitis was performed.

Peripapillary vessel density changes in Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy: a new biomarker.

Importance: The contribution of the microvascular supply to the pathogenesis of Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) is poorly understood.

Background: We aimed at measuring the peripapillary capillary vessel density (VD) using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCT-A) at different stages of LHON.

Design: Prospective, cross-sectional, multicenter, observational study.

Congenital Retinal Macrovessel and the Association of Retinal Venous Malformations With Venous Malformations of the Brain.

Importance: Congenital retinal macrovessel (CRM) is a rarely reported venous malformation of the retina that is associated with venous anomalies of the brain.

Objective: To study the multimodal imaging findings of a series of eyes with congenital retinal macrovessel and describe the systemic associations.

Design, Setting, And Participants: In this cross-sectional multicenter study, medical records were retrospectively reviewed from 7 different retina clinics worldwide over a 10-year period (2007-2017).

Neonatal and long-term ophthalmological findings in infants with symptomatic and asymptomatic congenital cytomegalovirus infection.

Background: Congenital cytomegalovirus (cCMV) infection is responsible of a high burden of neurosensory impairment in children.

Objectives: To report incidence and consequences of ophthalmological abnormalities in infants with cCMV infection and better define their long-term ophthalmological management.

Study Design: Infants with cCMV infection were enrolled in a 6-year follow-up.

Choroidal metastasis from non-small-cell lung cancer responsive to Osimertinib: a case report : Efficacy of a third-generation epidermal growth factor tyrosine kinase inhibitor.

Purpose: To report a case of a choroidal metastasis from a non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with an epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation, which responded to Osimertinib, a third-generation EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI).

Background: First- and second-generation EGFR-TKis have been widely used for advanced NSCLC patients; however, acquired resistance to these inhibitors, as T790M mutation, could be present in resistant cases. Third-generation EGFR-TKis have emerged as potential therapeutics to overcome this resistance.

Optical coherence tomography angiography in acute arteritic and non-arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy.

Purpose: The purpose of our study was to describe the feature of acute non-arteritic or arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (NA-AION and A-AION) using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCT-A) and to compare it with fluorescein angiography (FA) and indocyanine green angiography (ICGA).

Methods: In this retrospective, observational case-control study four NA-AION patients and one A-AION patient were examined by FA, ICGA and OCT-A within 2 weeks from disease presentation. The characteristics of the images were analyzed.

Bilateral multiple evanescent white dot syndrome.

Purpose: To present a single case of bilateral multiple evanescent white dot syndrome (MEWDS).

Methods: A single case with three months of follow-up using imaging studies including fundus color photography (FP), fluorescein angiography (FA), indocyanine green angiography (ICGA), fundus autofluorescence (FAF), spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT), en face SD-OCT and optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) is presented.

Results: The patient presented with bilateral MEWDS, ultimately with complete resolution of symptoms.

Indocyanine Green Angiography and Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography of Choroidal Neovascularization in Age-Related Macular Degeneration.

Purpose: To compare the capability of indocyanine green angiography (ICGA) and optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) in detecting choroidal neovascularization (CNV).

Methods: In this prospective study, patients with CNV detected with fluorescein angiography (FA) underwent ICGA and OCTA, spectral domain OCT (SD-OCT), and infrared or fundus color photographs. CNV lesions were outlined on ICGA and OCTA images, and the composition and size of the CNV was documented.

The overlapping spectrum of flat irregular pigment epithelial detachment investigated by optical coherence tomography angiography.

Purpose: To describe the OCT angiography characteristics of flat irregular pigment epithelial detachments (PEDs), an overlapping tomographic feature of various macular disorders.

Methods: Consecutive patients with a dimpled retinal pigment epithelium profile on OCT, referred for a second opinion, were enrolled. Fluorescein (FA) and indocyanine green angiography (ICGA) were performed in all patients and compared to previous examinations, when available.

MULTIMODAL IMAGING IN VORTEX VEIN VARICES.

Purpose: The aim of this study is to describe the clinical presentation of vortex vein varices with multimodal imaging.

Methods: The authors carried out a retrospective case series of eight patients (7 female, 1 male) with an average age of 60.2 years (min 8, max 84, median 68.

Optical coherence tomography angiography of the peripapillary retina and optic nerve head in dominant optic atrophy.

Peripapillar and nerve head vessel density (VD) was measured in 10 patients affected by Dominant optic atrophy (DOA) using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCT-A) and compared to the measurements of 15 age- and gender-matched controls. DOA patients showed VD reduction, mostly in the temporal and inferotemporal peripapillary sectors, according to the preferential involvement of the papillomacular bundle. Despite poor best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), OCT-A revealed good repeatability.

Unravelling the Complexity of Inherited Retinal Dystrophies Molecular Testing: Added Value of Targeted Next-Generation Sequencing.

To assess the clinical utility of targeted Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS) for the diagnosis of Inherited Retinal Dystrophies (IRDs), a total of 109 subjects were enrolled in the study, including 88 IRD affected probands and 21 healthy relatives. Clinical diagnoses included Retinitis Pigmentosa (RP), Leber Congenital Amaurosis (LCA), Stargardt Disease (STGD), Best Macular Dystrophy (BMD), Usher Syndrome (USH), and other IRDs with undefined clinical diagnosis. Participants underwent a complete ophthalmologic examination followed by genetic counseling.

Two cases of primary vitreoretinal lymphoma: a diagnostic challenge : The supporting role of multimodal imaging in the diagnosis of primary vitreoretinal lymphoma.

Purpose: To report two cases of primary vitreoretinal lymphoma (PVRL), which presented as intermediate and posterior uveitis.

Methods: Combined clinical assessment, multimodal imaging with spectral-domain optical coherence tomography, fundus autofluorescence, fluorescein angiography, indocyanine green angiography, brain magnetic resonance imaging and vitreous and retinal biopsy. Case 1 was a 48-year-old woman who complained of visual loss in her right eye secondary to a diffuse vitreous opacification and multiple chorioretinal lesions.

Dual Antagonism of PDGF and VEGF in Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration: A Phase IIb, Multicenter, Randomized Controlled Trial.

Purpose: To assess the safety and efficacy of E10030 (Fovista; Ophthotech, New York, NY), a platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) antagonist, administered in combination with the anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) agent ranibizumab (Lucentis; Roche, Basel, Switzerland) compared with ranibizumab monotherapy in patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD).

Design: Phase IIb global, multicenter, randomized, prospective, double-masked, controlled superiority trial.

Participants: Four hundred forty-nine patients with treatment-naïve nAMD.

Optical coherence tomography angiography in pediatric choroidal neovascularization.

Purpose: To report two cases of pediatric choroidal neovascularization (CNV) and the associated neo-vascular and retinal findings identified on Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography (OCTA) imaging.

Methods: A 14-year-old boy with handheld laser-induced maculopathy-related CNV and a 13-year-old boy with idiopathic CNV were evaluated with visual acuity testing, slit-lamp exam, fundus photography, fluorescein angiography, indocyanine green angiography, spectral domain optical coherence tomography, and OCTA.

Results: Macular CNV were identified in both pediatric patients using OCTA imaging.

Comparison of two mineralcorticosteroids receptor antagonists for the treatment of central serous chorioretinopathy.

Purpose: To evaluate the effect of oral spironolactone and eplerenone, two specific antagonists of the mineralocorticoid receptor, in central serous chorioretinopathy (CSCR).

Methods: In this prospective, placebo-controlled trial, sixty patients with persistent CSCR were assigned to three treatment group. Twenty patients in Group 1 were treated with 25 mg of spironolactone (Aldactone; Pfizer) for 1 week, then increased to 50 mg for the following 3 weeks, then shifted to eplerenone 50 mg for 1 month.

Hemorrhagic Occlusive Retinal Vasculitis After First Eye Cataract Surgery Without Subsequent Second Eye Involvement.

A case of monocular postoperative hemorrhagic occlusive retinal vasculitis (HORV) after uncomplicated bilateral cataract surgery is described. HORV is a severe syndrome that leads to painless visual loss after uncomplicated cataract surgery. The same surgical procedure was adopted in both eyes except for the use of intracameral vancomycin, which was injected only in the eye that developed HORV.