Outcomes of and barriers to cataract surgery in Sao Paulo State, Brazil.

Background: Cataract is the leading cause of blindness in developing countries and identification of the barriers to accessing treatment is essential for developing appropriate public healthcare interventions. To evaluate the barriers to cataract surgery after diagnosis and assess the postoperative outcomes in Sao Paolo State, Brazil.

Methods: This prospective study evaluated cataract patients from 13 counties in São Paulo State in 2014.

Congenital and developmental cataract: axial length and keratometry study in Brazilian children.

Purpose: To evaluate the ocular axial length (AL) and keratometry (K) in Brazilian children with congenital/developmental cataract, assess the differences and evolution of AL and K according to age, and establish functional models of AL and K as function of age.

Methods: Children with congenital/developmental cataract aged 1.5 months old to 8 years old and no other ocular diseases were included.

Adhesion study of cultured human lens capsule cells on hydrophilic intraocular lenses coated with polyethylene glycol.

Purpose: To evaluate the adhesion of human lens capsule cells on hydrophilic acrylic intraocular lenses (IOLs) coated with polyethylene glycol (PEG).

Setting: Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidade Estadual Paulista-Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil.

Design: Experimental study.

[Implementation of red reflex exam in children in the area of Botucatu Medical School Clinical Hospital--São Paulo, Brazil].

Purpose: To describe the implantation of the red reflex test in 30 cities in the area of Botucatu Medical School Clinical Hospital, (480,337 inhabitants) and the creation of a reference Center for children with red reflex changes, the Red reflex screening and another Center for treatment of childhood cataract.

Methods: The red reflex exam was released in 30 cities of the surrounding Botucatu area, lectures were done in the cities invited to participate by the Regional Department of Health.109 pen torch ophthalmoscopes were distributed to the hospital maternities and primary care units.

[Choroidal vessels alterations in treated and untreated diabetic rats].

Purpose: To evaluate the diabetic alterations and the impact of short and long-term medical treatment on them.

Methods: Thirty Wistar rats were divided into 3 groups: control (GC), diabetic (DG), and treated diabetic (TG) and the observations were made 1 month (M1) and 12 months (M2) after diabetes induction. Diabetes was induced by intravenous alloxan (42 mg/kg).

[Phacoemulsification using clear cornea incision in steepest meridian].

Purpose: To evaluate the effect of phacoemulsification through clear cornea incision in the steepest meridian (ISM), on the magnitude of preoperative keratometric astigmatism. To map the magnitude of surgically induced astigmatism (SIA) by clear cornea incision in the positions: nasal (N), temporal (T), superior temporal (ST) and inferior temporal (IT).

Methods: A prospective keratometric study was performed in 48 eyes of 48 patients, submitted to phacoemulsification by incision in the steepest meridian.