Clock signal distribution with second order nodes: Design hints.

Despite being in use since the 1960's, clock distribution networks continue to be important, mainly since the digitalization of numerous electronic tasks, which demands precise time measures for synchronizing internal and external processes in computational and instrumentation applications. Designing clock distribution networks requires determination/estimation of the appropriate topologies and parameters that guarantee the mutual synchronization of the coupled oscillators. This problem has been largely studied in the telecommunications context, with digital hierarchies succeeding at providing precise multiplexing and switching, integrating services, and in the process, giving rise to a new era of communication.