Three-dimensional changes after maxillary molar distalization with a miniscrew-anchored cantilever.

Objectives: To evaluate the changes after maxillary molar distalization in Class II malocclusion using the miniscrew-anchored cantilever with an extension arm.

Materials And Methods: The sample included 20 patients (9 male, 11 female; mean age 13.21 ± 1.

Three-dimensional dentoalveolar changes in open bite treatment in mixed dentition, spurs/posterior build-ups versus spurs alone: 1-year follow-up randomized clinical trial.

This randomized clinical trial aimed to compare the three-dimensional dentoalveolar maxillary changes after anterior open bite treatment with bonded spurs and build-ups versus bonded spurs alone. Patients from 7 to 11 years of age with anterior open bite were randomly allocated into two groups. Bonded spurs and posterior build-ups were used in the experimental group and only bonded spurs were used in the comparison group.

Root resorption in relation to a modified piezocision technique.

Objectives: To evaluate root resorption of lower incisors and canines quantitatively in a group of patients who underwent orthodontic treatment with piezocision and/or a collagen reinforcement technique with a fully resorbable three-dimensional (3D) collagen xenograft matrix compared with a control group.

Materials And Methods: The study sample of this secondary analysis consisted of 32 periodontally healthy patients with angle Class I malocclusion or mild Class II or III malocclusion and moderate irregularity index scores who underwent orthodontic treatment and had before (T0) and after treatment (T1) cone-beam computed tomography scans. Root resorption of lower incisors and canines was assessed quantitatively in the following four groups: the control group received orthodontic treatment without piezocision, experimental group 1 received orthodontic treatment with piezocision, experimental group 2 received orthodontic treatment with piezocision and a 3D collagen matrix, and experimental group 3 received orthodontic treatment with a 3D collagen matrix.

Variations in maxillary second molar position of untreated subjects with normal occlusions: A long-term observational study.

Introduction: The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the long-term variations in maxillary second molar position in untreated subjects with normal occlusion.

Setting And Sample Population: A sample of 39 subjects (18 females and 21 males) selected from the University of Michigan Growth Study (UMGS) was followed longitudinally with digital dental casts at 3 observation times: T1, when the maxillary permanent second molars were fully erupted, T2, last observation available in the longitudinal series (38 subjects), and T3, at least 20 years after T2 (12 subjects).

Materials And Methods: Digital measurements were recorded with an open-source software.

Three-dimensional changes in root angulation of buccal versus palatal maxillary impacted canines after orthodontic traction: A retrospective before and after study.

Introduction: The aim of this study was to three-dimensionally compare the root angulation changes after orthodontic traction of buccally versus palatally maxillary impacted canines (MICs).

Material And Methods: This retrospective study included patients from a private dental office of both sexes, older than 12 years, with at least one unilateral or bilateral buccal or palatal MIC, no loss of permanent teeth, with complete apical closure at the beginning of traction, and with CBCTs taken at pretreatment (T) and after orthodontic traction (T). The sample was divided in two groups according to their impaction site: buccal versus palatal.

Three-dimensional evaluation of maxillary second molar position in untreated patients with normal occlusion : Implications for preadjusted appliance prescriptions.

Purpose: The study was aimed at evaluating the sagittal and transversal inclinations of upper second molars in untreated adolescents with normal occlusion.

Methods: A sample of 41 subjects (16 females, 25 males) was selected from the University of Michigan Growth Study (UMGS). Digital dental casts with fully erupted second molars in occlusion were chosen (mean age 14.

Maxillary dentoskeletal outcomes of the expander with differential opening and the fan-type expander: a randomized controlled trial.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to compare the maxillary dentoskeletal outcomes of the expander with differential opening (EDO) and the fan-type expander (FE).

Material And Methods: Forty-eight patients with maxillary arch constriction in the mixed dentition were randomly allocated into EDO and FE groups. Cone-beam computed tomography scans were acquired before and after expansion.

Comparison of linear and angular changes assessed in digital dental models and cone-beam computed tomography.

Objective: To compare the three-dimensional (3D) linear displacements and the mesiodistal and buccolingual angulation changes after orthodontic treatment in digital dental models (DDMs) and 3D models derived from cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT).

Settings And Sample Population: Digital dental model and CBCT scans were selected from 24 adults who had undergone orthodontic treatment for mandibular anterior crowding.

Material And Methods: 3D linear displacements and changes in angular measurements (mesiodistal and buccolingual angulation) were assessed in pre- and post-treatment DDM and CBCT images using the software ITK-snap and 3D SlicerCMF.

Challenges in measuring angles between craniofacial structures.

Objective: Three-dimensional (3D) angular measurements between craniofacial planes pose challenges to quantify maxillary and mandibular skeletal discrepancies in surgical treatment planning. This study aims to compare the reproducibility and reliability of two modules to measure angles between planes or lines in 3D virtual surface models.

Methodology: Twenty oriented 3D virtual surface models de-identified and constructed from CBCT scans were randomly selected.

Novel application and validation of in vivo micro-CT to study bone modelling in 3D.

Objectives: The aim is to highlight a novel three-dimensional (3D) imaging methodology using micro-CT scans to visualize and measure bone modelling in an animal model. In order to validate the new methodology, we compared the 3D imaging method to traditional two-dimensional (2D) histomorphometry to assess growth changes in the jaws of a rodent.

Setting And Sample Population: Rodent animal models.

3D superimposition of craniofacial imaging-The utility of multicentre collaborations.

Clinical applications of 3D image registration and superimposition have contributed to better understanding growth changes and clinical outcomes. The use of 3D dental and craniofacial imaging in dentistry requires validate image analysis methods for improved diagnosis, treatment planning, navigation and assessment of treatment response. Volumetric 3D images, such as cone-beam computed tomography, can now be superimposed by voxels, surfaces or landmarks.

Autocrine regulation of mesenchymal progenitor cell fates orchestrates tooth eruption.

Formation of functional skeletal tissues requires highly organized steps of mesenchymal progenitor cell differentiation. The dental follicle (DF) surrounding the developing tooth harbors mesenchymal progenitor cells for various differentiated cells constituting the tooth root-bone interface and coordinates tooth eruption in a manner dependent on signaling by parathyroid hormone-related peptide (PTHrP) and the PTH/PTHrP receptor (PPR). However, the identity of mesenchymal progenitor cells in the DF and how they are regulated by PTHrP-PPR signaling remain unknown.

Accuracy and reliability of mandibular digital model registration with use of the mucogingival junction as the reference.

Objective: The aim of the study was to validate a method of mandibular digital model (DM) registration, acquired from an intraoral scanner, compared with high-resolution voxel-based cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) registration with use of the mucogingival junction as the reference.

Study Design: Pre- and post-treatment CBCT and DM images from 12 adults were randomly selected from an initial sample of 40 patients who had undergone orthodontic treatment. The DM registration was performed in 6 steps: (1) construction of 3-dimensional (3-D) volumetric label maps of CBCT scans, (2) voxel-based registration of CBCT scans, (3) prelabeling of CBCT images, (4) approximation and registration of DM models to the corresponding CBCT models, (5) mucogingival-junction registration of pretreatment and post-treatment DM images, and (6) measurements.

To what extent are impacted canines associated with root resorption of the adjacent tooth?: A systematic review with meta-analysis.

Background: The authors' aim in this systematic review was to evaluate to what extent impacted canines are associated with root resorption (RR) of the adjacent tooth by using cone-beam computed tomography.

Methods: The authors performed an open-ended electronic search of the Cochrane Library, Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences Literature, PubMed (MEDLINE), Scopus, and Web of Science and a partial gray literature search by using Google Scholar, Open Grey, and ProQuest. The authors included studies in people (adolescents, adults, and older adult) with impacted maxillary permanent canines in which the investigators assessed the incidence of RR in adjacent teeth.

Prosthetic, orthodontic and implant-supported rehabilitation of five maxillary anterior teeth with alveolar bone loss.

Introduction: Treatment of maxillofacial injuries is complex and requires the establishment of a comprehensive and accurate diagnosis and correct treatment planning.

Objective: The objective of this case report was to describe the re-treatment of a 27-year-old woman who was involved in a severe car accident that resulted in the loss of five anterior teeth and alveolar bone, and whose previous orthodontic and surgical treatments had been unsuccessful.

Case Report: In this case, the space for the missing mandibular molar was reopened to allow for rehabilitation.

Bone-anchored maxillary protraction therapy in patients with unilateral complete cleft lip and palate: 3-dimensional assessment of maxillary effects.

Introduction: The aim of this study was to 3-dimensionally assess the treatment outcomes of bone-anchored maxillary protraction (BAMP) in patients with unilateral cleft lip and palate.

Methods: The cleft group comprised 24 patients with unilateral cleft lip and palate and Class III malocclusion with mean initial and final ages of 11.8 and 13.

Genetic polymorphisms underlying the skeletal Class III phenotype.

Introduction: Our goal was to verify the association between candidate polymorphisms and skeletal Class III malocclusion in a well-characterized homogeneous sample set.

Methods: Thirty-five single-nucleotide polymorphisms were studied from 10 candidate loci in 54 Class III subjects and 120 controls. Skeletal Class III characteristics included ANB angle less than 0°, SNB angle greater than 83° (mandibular prognathism), SNA angle less than 79° (maxillary deficiency), Class III molar relationship, and negative overjet.

3D Mandibular Superimposition: Comparison of Regions of Reference for Voxel-Based Registration.

Introduction: The aim was to evaluate three regions of reference (Björk, Modified Björk and mandibular Body) for mandibular registration testing them in a patients' CBCT sample.

Methods: Mandibular 3D volumetric label maps were built from CBCTs taken before (T1) and after treatment (T2) in a sample of 16 growing subjects and labeled with eight landmarks. Registrations of T1 and T2 images relative to the different regions of reference were performed, and 3D surface models were generated.

Common 3-dimensional coordinate system for assessment of directional changes.

Introduction: The aims of this study were to evaluate how head orientation interferes with the amounts of directional change in 3-dimensional (3D) space and to propose a method to obtain a common coordinate system using 3D surface models.

Methods: Three-dimensional volumetric label maps were built for pretreatment (T1) and posttreatment (T2) from cone-beam computed tomography images of 30 growing subjects. Seven landmarks were labeled in all T1 and T2 volumetric label maps.

Comparison and reproducibility of 2 regions of reference for maxillary regional registration with cone-beam computed tomography.

Introduction: The aims of this study were to evaluate the differences between 2 regions of maxillary voxel-based registration and to test the reproducibility of the registration.

Methods: Three-dimensional models were built for before-treatment (T1) and after-treatment (T2) based on cone-beam computed tomography images from 16 growing subjects. Landmarks were labeled in all T2 models of the maxilla, and voxel-based registrations were performed independently by 2 observers at 2 times using 2 reference regions.