Efficacy of Nirmatrelvir/ritonavir in reducing the risk of severe outcome in patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection: a real-life full-matched case-control study (SAVALO Study).

Background: Ritonavir-boosted nirmatrelvir (N/r) is an antiviral which targets the main viral protease, administered to prevent the progression of SARS-CoV-2 infection in patients at high risk for severe COVID-19. We present a real-life case-control study evaluating the efficacy of N/r therapy in SARS-CoV-2 omicron variants positive outpatients in Campania region, Italy, with the aim of assessing the occurrence of three outcomes (hospital admission, admission in ICU and death) in cases and controls.

Methods: We enrolled SARS-CoV-2 positive subjects that came to our attention in Early antiviral treatment ambulatory of Infectious Diseases ward of University Federico II of Naples, Italy from January 1st, 2022, to December 31st, 2022, during the first five days from symptoms occurrence.

Treatment of Carbapenem-Resistant in Real Life (T-ACI): A Prospective Single-Center Observational Study.

Carbapenem-resistant (CRAB) poses significant challenges in healthcare due to its multidrug resistance and high mortality rates among critically ill patients. We enrolled 45 patients. Cefiderocol was administered to 40% of patients, often (38.

Bulevirtide Treatment of Hepatitis Delta Virus Infection in a Kidney Transplant Recipient: A Case Report.

Objectives: Hepatitis delta virus infection poses a significant challenge in solid-organ transplant recipients due to its aggressive nature and limited therapeutic options. Bulevirtide is a novel antiviral agent approved by the European Medicines Agency in 2020 for the treatment of hepatitis delta virus infection, but limited data are available on its use in solid-organ transplant recipients.

Materials And Methods: We present a case report of a 42-year-old male kidney transplant patient with coinfection of hepatitis B virus and hepatitis delta virus who was treated with bulevirtide over a 6-month period.

Prevalence of Colonization in Non-Critical Immunocompetent COVID-19 Patients: A Single-Center Prospective Study (JiroCOVID Study).

Background: pneumonia (PJP) is an invasive fungal infection (IFI) that occurs mainly in immunocompromised hosts. After observing a high prevalence of PJP as a complication of COVID-19 in immunocompetent patients, we conducted a study to evaluate the prevalence of colonization with PCR on oral washing samples (OWS) among non-immunocompromised and non-critical patients admitted with COVID-19 pneumonia at our university hospital.

Methods: All patients over 18 years of age admitted to the Infectious Diseases Unit for SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia between July 2021 and December 2022 were included.

Risk Factors for Pneumonia in Non-HIV Patients Hospitalized for COVID-19: A Case-Control Study.

Background: Very few cases of pneumonia (PJP) have been reported in COVID-19 so far, and mostly in patients with concomitant HIV infection or in solid-organ transplant recipients. Despite COVID-19 being associated with lymphopenia and the use of steroids, there are no studies specifically aimed at investigating the risk factors for PJP in COVID-19.

Methods: A retrospective case-control study was performed.

Outcome of patients with carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii infections treated with cefiderocol: A multicenter observational study.

Background: No clear evidence supports the use of cefiderocol as first line treatment in A. baumannii infections.

Methods: We conducted an observational retrospective/prospective multicenter study including all patients> 18 years with carbapenem-resistant A.

Outpatient Use of Monoclonal Antibodies Casirivimab and Imdevimab in Pregnancy for Mild-to-Moderate Coronavirus Disease 2019.

Objective: The aim of this study was to report the use casirivimab/imdevimab therapy in pregnant women with moderate coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).

Study Design: We report 12 cases of unvaccinated pregnant patients with mild-to-moderate COVID-19 treated with casirivimab/imdevimab.

Results: Twelve unvaccinated pregnant patients with mild-to-moderate COVID-19 received casirivimab/imdevimab at the dose of 1200/1200 mg by intravenous infusion over 60 minutes.

CEFTO-CURE study: CEFTObiprole Clinical Use in Real-lifE - a multi-centre experience in Italy.

Background: Ceftobiprole is approved in Europe for treatment of community-acquired pneumonia and non-ventilator-associated hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP) in adults. Real-world data are limited.

Methods: This multi-centre, observational, ambispective investigator-initiated study was undertaken in Italy from January 2018 to December 2019 in order to evaluate the use of ceftobiprole in a real-world setting.

Remdesivir Alone or in Combination with Monoclonal Antibodies as an Early Treatment to Prevent Severe COVID-19 in Patients with Mild/Moderate Disease at High Risk of Progression: A Single Centre, Real-Life Study.

Early treatment with antivirals against SARS-CoV-2 infection can prevent the onset of severe COVID-19 in fragile and immunocompromised patients. In this real-life, prospective, observational study, we evaluated efficacy and safety of a 3-day early treatment with remdesivir in adult and fragile patients with a diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection who referred to the COVID-19 early treatment service of Infectious Diseases Unit of University of Naples Federico from 10 January 2022 to 31 March 2022. The included patients could be treated with either remdesivir alone or with remdesivir plus a monoclonal antibody with activity against SARS-CoV-2.

Effect of Direct Antiviral Therapy Against HCV on CD4+ T Cell Count in Patients with HIV-HCV Coinfection.

Background: HCV-related liver disease is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with HIV infection. It is well known that the response rates to HCV therapy are similar between HCV-monoinfected patients and HIV-HV coinfected ones. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of HCV eradication on CD4 + T cell count in a population of HIV-HCV coinfected patients.

Casirivimab/imdevimab + remdesivir in hospitalized patients with severe Covid-19: A single centre experience.

Since 2020, COVID-19 pandemic has spread worldwide causing a huge number of cases and casualties. Among direct anti SARS-CoV-2 agents available for the treatment of COVID-19, only remdesivir and casirivimab/imdevimab have been approved for severe disease. As they act at different levels in blocking viral replication, it is theoretically possible to combine them.

Diabetes and SARS-CoV-2 Infection: The Potential Role of Antidiabetic Therapy in the Evolution of COVID-19.

Diabetes mellitus represents one of the most frequent comorbidities among patients with COVID-19, constituting a risk factor for a more severe prognosis than that of non-diabetic patients. However, the pathophysiological mechanism underlying this unfavorable outcome is still not completely clear. The goal of our study was to evaluate the potential role of antidiabetic therapy in the evolution of COVID-19.

Invasive Fungal Infections in Hospitalized Patients with COVID-19: A Non-Intensive Care Single-Centre Experience during the First Pandemic Waves.

Invasive fungal infections (IFIs) represent a severe complication of COVID-19, yet they are under-estimated. We conducted a retrospective analysis including all the COVID-19 patients admitted to the Infectious Diseases Unit of the Federico II University Hospital of Naples until the 1 July 2021. Among 409 patients, we reported seven cases of IFIs by Candida spp.

Microbiota and hepatitis C virus in the era of direct-acting antiviral agents.

The gut microbiota plays a fundamental role in Hepatitis C Virus (HCV)-related liver disease. Indeed, HCV infection alters the gut microbiota, whereas intestinal dysbiosis induces an underlying inflammatory state. This status may lead to liver disease progression.

A Simple Non-Invasive Score Based on Baseline Parameters Can Predict Outcome in Patients with COVID-19.

We evaluated the role of CRP and other laboratory parameters in predicting the worsening of clinical conditions during hospitalization, ICU admission, and fatal outcome among patients with COVID-19. Consecutive adult inpatients with SARS-CoV-2 infection and respiratory symptoms treated in three different COVID centres were enrolled, and they were tested for laboratory parameters within 48 h from admission. Three-hundred ninety patients were enrolled.

COVID-19 chest CT and laboratory features of B.1.617.2 (Delta variant) vs B.1.1.7 (Alpha variant) surge: a single center case-control study.

Purpose: To assess clinical, laboratory and radiological differences between Delta and Alpha SARS-CoV-2 variants.

Materials And Methods: Twenty SARS-CoV-2 patients admitted from 30th of August to 30th of October 2021 (period with estimated highest prevalence of Delta variant circulation in Italy) were enrolled. Patients were matched in a 1:1 ratio with same gender and same age +/- 2 years controls admitted from 1st of September 2020 to 30th of January 2021 (predominant circulation of Alpha variant).

Monoclonal Antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 Infection: Results from a Real-Life Study before the Omicron Surge.

Despite the lightning-fast advances in the management of SARS-CoV after 2 years of pandemic, COVID-19 continues to pose a challenge for fragile patients, who could benefit from early administration of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) to reduce the risk of severe disease progression. We conducted a prospective study to evaluate the effectiveness of mAbs against SARS-CoV-2 among patients at risk for severe disease progression, namely elderly and those with comorbidities, before the omicron variant surge. Patients were treated with either casirivimab/imdevimab, sotrovimab, or bamlanivimab/etesevimab.

Trends in Caesarean Section Rate According to Robson Group Classification among Pregnant Women with SARS-CoV-2 Infection: A Single-Center Large Cohort Study in Italy.

Background: Since there is no available data on temporal trends of caesarean section (CS) rates in pregnant women with COVID-19 through the pandemic, we aimed to analyze the trends in caesarean section rate in a large cohort of pregnant women with COVID-19, according to the Robson Ten Group Classification System of deliveries.

Methods: We prospectively enrolled pregnant women with a diagnosis of COVID-19 who delivered in our center between March 2020 and November 2021. Deliveries were classified, according to the Robson group classification, and according to three time periods: (1) deliveries from March 2020 to December 2020; (2) deliveries from January 2021 to April 2021; (3) deliveries from May 2021 to November 2021.

Nirmatrelvir/Ritonavir and Molnupiravir in the Treatment of Mild/Moderate COVID-19: Results of a Real-Life Study.

Molnupiravir and nirmatrelvir were the first available oral antivirals (OAs) active against SARS-CoV-2. Trials evaluating the efficacy of OAs involved patients unvaccinated and infected with variants different from those currently circulating. We conducted a retrospective study on patients with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection treated with OAs during the omicron surge in Italy in order to provide real-life data on the efficacy and safety of OAs during the omicron surge of the COVID-19 pandemic.