Sevalamer Hydrochloride, Sevelamer Carbonate and Lanthanum Carbonate: In Vitro and In Vivo Effects on Gastric Environment.

Hyperphosphatemia is common in patients with chronic renal failure. Phosphate binders are associated with gastric intolerance, representing the main reason of drug discontinuation. The aim of this study was to compare the effects in vitro and in vivo of sevelamer hydrochloride (SH), sevelamer carbonate (SC) and lanthanum carbonate (LC) on gastric microenvironment.

Host-guest chemistry of a bis-calix[4]pyrrole derivative containing a trans/cis-switchable azobenzene unit with several aliphatic bis-carboxylates.

The azobenzene unit used as a photochemically and thermally switchable linker in the assembly of a bis-calix[4]pyrrole receptor provides a means to modulate the binding of bis-carboxylates of significant biological importance in cancer research. Conversely, the complexation of different bis-anionic guests has significant kinetic effects on both the photochemical and thermal trans/cis isomerization of the azobenzene unit.

Auxin induces cell proliferation in an experimental model of mammalian renal tubular epithelial cells.

Indole-3-acetic acid is the main auxin produced by plants and plays a key role in the plant growth and development. This hormone is also present in humans where it is considered as a uremic toxin deriving from tryptophan metabolism. However, beyond this peculiar aspect, the involvement of auxin in human pathophysiology has not been further investigated.

The discrimination potential of ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry, thin layer chromatography, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy for the forensic analysis of black and blue ballpoint inks.

The knowledge of the discriminating power of analytical techniques used for the differentiation of writing inks can be useful when interpreting results. Ultraviolet-visible (UV-VIS) spectrophotometry, thin layer chromatography (TLC), and diffuse reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) were used to examine a population of 21 black and 12 blue ballpoint writing inks. Based on corroborative results of these methods, the discrimination power for UV-VIS, TLC, and FT-IR was determined to be 100% and 98% for the black and blue inks, respectively.

Correlation between quality of life assessment and a personality neurobiologic model in dialyzed patients.

The Short Form 36 Health Survey (SF-36) is a self-administered scoring system that has been widely used and validated as a quality of life (QOL) assessment tool. In our study, a cluster analysis of SF-36 scores was performed in 50 healthy volunteers (controls) and 50 neurobiologically asymptomatic patients on maintenance hemodialysis (MHD). Firstly, we assayed the tendency to form clusters from each of the investigated dimensions.

Fast drug stability determination by LC variable-parameter kinetic experiments.

Variable-parameter kinetic experiments were carried out using HPLC as analytical instrument. The hydrolysis of aspirin was followed both at variable-temperature and at variable-pH conditions. The peak areas relative to salicylic acid were processed by direct fit to a mathematical model and/or by differential method obtaining, by single experiments, the values of the apparent rate constant in the whole range of temperature and pH studied.

Variable-ionic strength kinetic experiments in drug stability studies.

The dependence of the pseudo-first-order rate constant on the ionic strength for the alkaline hydrolysis of indomethacin has been obtained, for the first time, in a single kinetic experiment carried out by varying with time the salt concentration inside the reaction vessel. The kinetic profile obtained was processed using as a mathematical model the variable-parameter kinetic equation containing the Bronsted-Bjerrum equation as the dependence function. The results are in good agreement with those obtained by the traditional method but the experimental time is reduced to about one-tenth.

Temperature-rate profiles by polarimetric variable-temperature kinetic experiments to study racemization reactions.

The racemization of (-)-adrenaline was followed by polarimetric variable-temperature kinetic experiments obtaining activation parameters and k(obs)(T) profile in one tenth of the time usually spent for traditional kinetic runs. A polarimeter connected to a computer for the acquisition and processing of the analytical data was used. The kinetic profiles were processed by both an integral method and a differential method.