Myopia in Children: Epidemiology, Genetics, and Emerging Therapies for Treatment and Prevention.

Refractive errors, particularly myopia, are among the most prevalent visual impairments globally, with rising incidence in children and adolescents. This review explores the epidemiology and risk factors associated with the development of refractive errors, focusing on the environmental and lifestyle factors contributing to the current surge in myopia. We provide an overview of key genetic factors and molecular pathways driving the pathogenesis of myopia and other refractive errors, emphasizing the complex interplay between genetic predisposition and environmental triggers.

Factors influencing audiologic outcomes in ossiculoplasty for chronic otitis media: a prospective multicentre study.

Objectives: Chronic otitis media (COM) is a prevalent condition affecting auditory function. Ossiculoplasty is a known treatment strategy, but its effectiveness concerning the presence of cholesteatoma has not been extensively studied.

Methods: We conducted a multicentre study involving 153 patients diagnosed with COM without cholesteatoma (ncCOM) and with cholesteatoma (cCOM).

Complications of Nonsurgical Rhinoplasty with Hyaluronic Acid Injections: A Narrative Review.

Background: The increasing popularity of cosmetic procedures has led to a rise in both surgical and nonsurgical interventions. Rhinoplasty, particularly nonsurgical rhinoplasty using injectable fillers such as hyaluronic acid (HA), has become highly sought after due to its minimally invasive nature. Despite its benefits, complications can occur, ranging from minor to severe.

Acute suppurative thyroiditis in a child secondary to pyriform sinus fistula: From single case to systematic review.

Acute suppurative thyroiditis (AST), a rare yet potentially life-threatening infection, comprises less than 1 % of neck pathologies and requires prompt treatment. Symptoms range from neck pain and fever to dysphagia and possible abscess formation. Broad-spectrum antibiotics are the primary treatment; however, surgical drainage may be necessary for abscesses to prevent systemic infection.

Assessment of the Inter-Frequency Amplitude Ratio (1000/500 Hz) in cVEMP and oVEMP for the Diagnosis of Ménière's Disease.

: to retrospectively evaluate the clinical relevance of the 1000/500 Hz inter-frequency amplitude ratio (IFAR) in cervical and ocular vestibular evoked myogenic potentials (cVEMPs and oVEMPs) in patients with unilateral definite Ménière's disease (MD) to identify the pathological ear. : cVEMPs and oVEMPs results obtained at 500 Hz and 1000 Hz were retrospectively analyzed in 28 patients with unilateral definite MD. 1000/500 Hz IFAR were calculated and compared for each ear.

Uncommon but Significant: Onset, Characteristics and Management of Vasculitis and Connective Tissue Diseases Induced by Immunomodulators during Cancer Treatment.

The introduction of immunomodulators as adjuvant therapies in cancer treatment has represented a significant advancement in oncology, improving therapeutic response and patient survival. Emerging targets and molecules could provide new therapeutic opportunities for cancer patients. However, these agents can induce immunological side effects, including vasculitis and connective tissue diseases, which, while uncommon, present significant clinical challenges.

European clinical practice guideline: managing and treating laryngopharyngeal reflux disease.

Objective: To propose a European consensus for managing and treating laryngopharyngeal reflux disease (LPRD) to guide primary care and specialist physicians.

Methods: Twenty-three European experts (otolaryngologists, gastroenterologists, surgeons) participated in a modified Delphi process to revise 38 statements about the definition, clinical management, and treatment of LPRD. Three voting rounds were conducted on a 5-point scale and a consensus was defined a priori as agreement by 80% of the experts.

Impact of neck dissection in cN0 patients undergoing primary or salvage total laryngectomy.

Introduction: It is debatable whether neck dissection is necessary in patients with advanced laryngeal carcinoma who are clinically node-negative (cN0). We assessed the effect of neck dissection on overall survival in patients with cN0 undergoing primary or salvage laryngectomy.

Materials And Methods: A retrospective evaluation of cN0 patients who underwent primary or salvage total/pharyngolaryngectomy at a French tertiary facility in 2008-2018, with or without neck dissection, was carried out.

Endoscopic versus microscopic approach in the treatment of atelectatic otitis media.

Background: endoscopic ear surgery in patients Chronic Otitis Media(COM) media with eardrum atelectasis.

Objective: to compare the postoperative outcomes and audiological results of the endoscopic approach versus the microscopic approach for treatment of COM media with eardrum atelectasis, using a randomized prospective model.

Methods: Sixty patients were consecutively enrolled in the study and randomized into two groups: Group A 32 patients underwent canal wall up tympanoplasty (CWA); Group B 28 patients underwent tympanoplasty with an exclusive trans-meatal endoscopic approach.

Artificial Intelligence in Head and Neck Cancer Diagnosis: A Comprehensive Review with Emphasis on Radiomics, Histopathological, and Molecular Applications.

The present review discusses the transformative role of AI in the diagnosis and management of head and neck cancers (HNCs). It explores how AI technologies, including ML, DL, and CNNs, are applied in various diagnostic tasks, such as medical imaging, molecular profiling, and predictive modeling. This review highlights AI's ability to improve diagnostic accuracy and efficiency, particularly in analyzing medical images like CT, MRI, and PET scans, where AI sometimes outperforms human radiologists.

Evaluating AI-Generated informed consent documents in oral surgery: A comparative study of ChatGPT-4, Bard gemini advanced, and human-written consents.

This study evaluates the quality and readability of informed consent documents generated by AI platforms ChatGPT-4 and Bard Gemini Advanced compared to those written by a first-year oral surgery resident for common oral surgery procedures. The evaluation, conducted by 18 experienced oral and maxillofacial surgeons, assessed consents for accuracy, completeness, readability, and overall quality. ChatGPT-4 consistently outperformed both Bard and human-written consents.

The Integration of Radiomics and Artificial Intelligence in Modern Medicine.

With profound effects on patient care, the role of artificial intelligence (AI) in radiomics has become a disruptive force in contemporary medicine. Radiomics, the quantitative feature extraction and analysis from medical images, offers useful imaging biomarkers that can reveal important information about the nature of diseases, how well patients respond to treatment and patient outcomes. The use of AI techniques in radiomics, such as machine learning and deep learning, has made it possible to create sophisticated computer-aided diagnostic systems, predictive models, and decision support tools.

Personalized Treatment Strategies via Integration of Gene Expression Biomarkers in Molecular Profiling of Laryngeal Cancer.

Laryngeal cancer poses a substantial challenge in head and neck oncology, and there is a growing focus on customized medicine techniques. The present state of gene expression indicators in laryngeal cancer and their potential to inform tailored therapy choices are thoroughly examined in this review. We examine significant molecular changes, such as TP53, CDKN2A, PIK3CA, and NOTCH1 mutations, which have been identified as important participants in the development of laryngeal cancer.

Ocular Manifestations of Pediatric Rhinosinusitis: A Comprehensive Review.

Rhinosinusitis is a common childhood illness that may result in a number of ocular problems. The goal of this thorough analysis is to compile the available data regarding the kinds, prevalence, and treatment of ocular problems related to juvenile rhinosinusitis. A comprehensive analysis of electronic databases, such as PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library, was carried out to pinpoint pertinent research articles written in English and published between the beginning and August of 2023.

Differentiation of Benign and Malignant Neck Neoplastic Lesions Using Diffusion-Weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging.

The most difficult diagnostic challenge in neck imaging is the differentiation between benign and malignant neoplasms. The purpose of this work was to study the role of the ADC (apparent diffusion coefficient) value in discriminating benign from malignant neck neoplastic lesions. The study was conducted on 53 patients with different neck pathologies (35 malignant and 18 benign/inflammatory).

The Role of Pericytes in Inner Ear Disorders: A Comprehensive Review.

Inner ear disorders, including sensorineural hearing loss, Meniere's disease, and vestibular neuritis, are prevalent conditions that significantly impact the quality of life. Despite their high incidence, the underlying pathophysiology of these disorders remains elusive, and current treatment options are often inadequate. Emerging evidence suggests that pericytes, a type of vascular mural cell specialized to maintain the integrity and function of the microvasculature, may play a crucial role in the development and progression of inner ear disorders.

Differential Nasal Recolonization and Microbial Profiles in Chronic Rhinosinusitis With Nasal Polyps Patients After Endoscopic Sinus Surgery or Dupilumab Treatment: A Prospective Observational Study.

Introduction: The role of microbial profiles in Chronic Rhinosinusitis with Nasal Polyps (CRSwNP) pathogenesis is increasingly recognised, with microbial imbalances perpetuating inflammation. We performed this study to associate the different nasal microbiological profile changes with the response to surgical or monoclonal treatment.

Methods: This prospective observational study evaluated changes in the nasal microbial profiles of 44 patients (22 dupilumab, 22 surgery) over 6 months.