Mlo-Mediated Broad-Spectrum and Durable Resistance against Powdery Mildews and Its Current and Future Applications.

Mlo is a well-known broad-spectrum recessively inherited monogenic durable resistance to powdery mildew caused by found first in barley, originally in an induced mutant in 1942 and later in other mutants and also in Ethiopian landraces. The first commercial varieties possessing Mlo resistance were released during 1979-1986, but these often showed symptoms of necrotic leaf spotting associated with reduced grain yield. However, this yield penalty was successfully reduced by breeding Mlo-resistant varieties of spring barley predominate in Europe; for example, in the Czech Republic, their ratio surpassed 90% of the total number of newly released varieties.

Rare Virulences and Great Pathotype Diversity of a Central European Population.

Barley is an important crop grown on almost 49 Mha worldwide in 2021 and is particularly significant in Europe where powdery mildew is the most frequent disease on susceptible varieties. The most suitable way to protect crops is by exploiting genetic resistance. However, the causal agent is an extremely adaptable pathogen.

Non-Authenticity of Spring Barley Genotypes Revealed in Gene Bank Accessions.

Plant research and breeding depends on plant genotypes; therefore, genotype authenticity of accessions is the basic requirement for users of gene banks. Surprisingly, this extremely important topic is rarely reported in the scientific community. Non-authentic are accessions that are mislabelled and undesirable genotypes of heterogeneous accessions.

Powdery Mildew Resistance Genes in European Barley Cultivars Registered in the Czech Republic from 2016 to 2020.

Barley is an important crop grown annually on about 55 Mha and intensively cultivated in Europe. In central and north-western Europe, spring and winter barley can be grown in similar environments which creates suitable conditions for the development of barley pathogens, including f. sp.

Postulation of Specific Disease Resistance Genes in Cereals: A Widely Used Method and Its Detailed Description.

Cultivation of resistant varieties is an environmentally friendly and inexpensive method of crop protection. Numerous alleles of specific disease resistance occur in cereals and other crops, and knowledge of their presence in individual varieties has wide utilization in research and practice. Postulation based on phenotyping host-pathogen interactions and the gene-for-gene model is a common way of identifying these genes.

The barley immune receptor Mla recognizes multiple pathogens and contributes to host range dynamics.

Crop losses caused by plant pathogens are a primary threat to stable food production. Stripe rust (Puccinia striiformis) is a fungal pathogen of cereal crops that causes significant, persistent yield loss. Stripe rust exhibits host species specificity, with lineages that have adapted to infect wheat and barley.

Powdery Mildew Resistance Genes in Single-Plant Progenies Derived from Accessions of a Winter Barley Core Collection.

The main problems of crop gene banks comprise heterogeneity of accessions, resulting from mechanical admixtures or out-crossing during their multiplication, and especially the mislabeling of accessions. These discrepancies can adversely affect the results of many expensive research and breeding projects that are based on the use of gene bank resources. To tackle these problems, 860 single-plant progenies (SPPs) of 172 accessions of the Czech winter barley core collection were grown and tested with a set of 53 isolates representing the global virulence/avirulence diversity of powdery mildew.

Powdery Mildew Resistance Phenotypes of Wheat Gene Bank Accessions.

Powdery mildew ( f. sp. ) is a common pathogen of bread wheat ( L.

A novel way to identify specific powdery mildew resistance genes in hybrid barley cultivars.

Powdery mildew, a common cereal disease caused by the fungus Blumeria graminis, is a major limiting factor of barley production and genetic resistance is the most appropriate protection against it. To aid the breeding of new cultivars and their marketing, resistance genes can be postulated in homogeneous accessions. Although hybrid cultivars (F) should be homogeneous, they are often not genetically uniform, especially if more than two genotypes are involved in their seed production or due to undesirable self-pollination, out-crossing and mechanical admixtures.

Specific Resistance of Barley to Powdery Mildew, Its Use and Beyond. A Concise Critical Review.

Powdery mildew caused by the airborne ascomycete fungus f. sp. () is one of most common diseases of barley ().

Molecular Mapping of Loci Conferring Susceptibility to Spot Blotch and Resistance to Powdery Mildew in Barley Using the Sequencing-Based Genotyping Approach.

Spot blotch (SB) caused by and powdery mildew (PM) caused by f. sp. are two important diseases of barley.

Identification of barley powdery mildew resistances in gene bank accessions and the use of gene diversity for verifying seed purity and authenticity.

Human activities including those in crop gene banks are subject to errors, especially during seed multiplication and maintenance of seed germination. Therefore, the most serious problem of gene banks is authenticity of the accessions and their genotypic purity. There are many methods for determining the identity of varieties, but comparisons between current data and past records are not easy since the latter are often missing.

Heterogeneity of Powdery Mildew Resistance Revealed in Accessions of the ICARDA Wild Barley Collection.

The primary genepool of barley comprises two subspecies - wild barley ( subsp. ) and cultivated barley subsp. The former originated 5.

Genetic Diversity of Blumeria graminis f. sp. hordei in Central Europe and Its Comparison with Australian Population.

Population surveys of Blumeria graminis f. sp. hordei (Bgh), a causal agent of more than 50% of barley fungal infections in the Czech Republic, have been traditionally based on virulence tests, at times supplemented with non-specific Restriction fragment length polymorphism or Random amplified polymorphic DNA markers.

The Red Queen and the seed bank: pathogen resistance of ex situ and in situ conserved barley.

Plant geneticists have proposed that the dynamic conservation of crop plants in farm environments (in situ conservation) is complementary to static conservation in seed banks (ex situ conservation) because it may help to ensure adaptation to changing conditions. Here, we test whether collections of a traditional variety of Moroccan barley (Hordeum vulgare ssp. vulgare) conserved ex situ showed differences in qualitative and quantitative resistance to the endemic fungal pathogen, Blumeria graminis f.

Virulence and Diversity of Blumeria graminis f. sp. hordei in Israel and in the Czech Republic.

Three hundred and nine isolates were obtained from three natural populations of Blumeria graminis f. sp. hordei occurring on wild barley (Hordeum vulgare subsp.