Genetic variation of as a protective genotype for the development of colorectal cancer in men.

Background: The role of transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) signaling, including both the cytokine and their receptors, in the etiology of colorectal cancer (CRC) has been of particular interest lately.

Aim: To investigate the association between promoter polymorphism in TGF-β receptor 2 TGF-ΒR2GA with a CRC risk in a cohort of Bulgarian patients using a case-control gene association study approach, as well as the protein levels of TGF-β1 in the peripheral blood.

Methods: A cohort of 184 CRC patients and 307 sex and age-matched healthy subjects were recruited in the study.

A link between promoter polymorphisms of the transforming growth factor β1 (TGFB1) and TGF-β1 receptor II (TGFBR2) genes and relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis.

Introduction: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic progressive autoimmune disease characterised by nerve demyelination, mediated by myelin-specific Th1 autoreactive cells. Transforming growth factor 1 (TGF-1) is a regulatory cytokine involved in MS aetiology by maintaining CD4+ cell differentiation and preventing autoimmune responses. Because of the important role of the TGF-1 signalling pathway in MS aetiopathogenesis, we aimed to investigate the association of two DNA polymorphisms: TGFB1C[-509]T and TGFBR2G[-875]A and their combined genotypes with the risk of MS development in a cohort of Bulgarian patients.

Association of polymorphism -308G/A in tumor necrosis factor-alpha gene () and TNF-α serum levels in patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis.

TNF-α is an important cytokine of the inflammatory response involved in the pathogenesis of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS). The aim of this study is to explore the association between the promoter polymorphism -308G/A in the gene (rs1800629) with genetic susceptibility to RRMS.: A group of 183 RRMS patients and 169 age and gender-matched healthy controls were enrolled in the study.