Recommendations for the clinical and radiological evaluation of response to treatment in metastatic renal cell cancer.

The evaluation of response to treatment is a critical step for determining the effectiveness of oncology drugs. Targeted therapies such as tyrosine kinase inhibitors and mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitors are active drugs in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC). However, treatment with this type of drugs may not result in significant reductions in tumor size, so standard evaluation criteria based on tumor size, such as Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST), may be inappropriate for evaluating response to treatment in patients with mRCC.

Vesicoureteral reflux: can the urethra be adequately assessed by using contrast-enhanced voiding US of the bladder?

Purpose: To prospectively evaluate contrast material-enhanced voiding ultrasonography (US) for assessment of the urethra by using voiding cystourethrography (VCUG) as the reference standard.

Materials And Methods: This study was approved by the ethics committee on human research. Written informed consent was obtained for all patients.

Congenital anomalies of the tracheobronchial tree, lung, and mediastinum: embryology, radiology, and pathology.

Congenital anomalies of the chest are an important cause of morbidity in infants, children, and even adults. The evaluation of affected patients frequently requires multiple imaging modalities to diagnose the anomaly and plan surgical correction. The authors analyze and illustrate practical aspects of certain common and uncommon congenital anomalies affecting the tracheobronchial tree, lung, and mediastinum, with emphasis on radiologic manifestations.

Anomalies of the distal ureter, bladder, and urethra in children: embryologic, radiologic, and pathologic features.

Congenital anomalies of the lower urinary tract are a significant cause of morbidity in infancy. Radiologic investigation is an important source of clinical information in lower urinary tract disorders but should not inconvenience the patient, expose the patient to unnecessary radiation, or delay surgical correction. In pediatric patients with suspected underlying urologic structural anomalies, screening ultrasonography is commonly the initial diagnostic study.