Mycoplasma genitalium macrolide resistance update: Rate among a 2016-2017 cohort of patients in Barcelona, Spain.

Introduction: Mycoplasma genitalium is a major cause of urethritis and other genital syndromes. Antibiotic resistance, especially to macrolides, is increasing at an alarming rate worldwide. The aim of this study was to estimate the rate of macrolide resistance in M.

Serotype, virulence profile, antimicrobial resistance and macrolide-resistance determinants in Streptococcus agalactiae isolates in pregnant women and neonates in Catalonia, Spain.

Introduction: Streptococcus agalactiae, or group B streptococci (GBS), is the main aetiological agent of early neonatal sepsis in developed countries. This microorganism belongs to the gastrointestinal tract microbiota wherefrom it can colonize the vagina and be vertically transmitted to the child either before or at birth, and subsequently cause infection in the newborn. Approximately, 50% of newborns born to women with GBS become colonized, with 1-2% developing early neonatal infection if no preventive intervention is performed.

A Cohort Study of Risk Factors That Influence Empirical Treatment of Patients with Acute Pyelonephritis.

The aim of the current study was to compare community-acquired acute pyelonephritis (CA-APN) with health care-associated acute pyelonephritis (HCA-APN), describe the outcomes, and identify variables that could predict antimicrobial susceptibility. We conducted an observational study that included all consecutive episodes of acute pyelonephritis (APN) in adults during 2014 at a Spanish university hospital. From each episode, demographic data, comorbidities, clinical presentation, microbiological data, antimicrobial therapy, and outcome were recorded.

Escherichia coli early-onset sepsis: trends over two decades.

Unlabelled: Escherichia coli early-onset sepsis (EOS) is an important cause of mortality and morbidity in neonates, especially in preterm and very low birth weight (VLBW) newborns. The aim of our study was to evaluate potential changes in the clinical and microbiological characteristics of E. coli EOS in our setting.

Mycoplasma genitalium Macrolide and Fluoroquinolone Resistance: Prevalence and Risk Factors Among a 2013-2014 Cohort of Patients in Barcelona, Spain.

Background: Macrolide and fluoroquinolone resistance is alarmingly emerging in M. genitalium worldwide. This article provides the first estimates of the current prevalence of macrolide and fluoroquinolone resistance-mediating mutations in Barcelona, Spain, and identifies risk factors associated with the acquisition of these resistances.

Long-Term Fosfomycin-Tromethamine Oral Therapy for Difficult-To-Treat Chronic Bacterial Prostatitis.

This is a retrospective study of 15 difficult-to-treat (i.e., exhibiting previous failure, patient side effects, or resistance to ciprofloxacin and co-trimoxazole) chronic bacterial prostatitis infections (5 patients with multidrug-resistant Enterobacteriaceae [MDRE]) receiving fosfomycin-tromethamine at a dose of 3 g per 48 to 72 h for 6 weeks.

[Group B streptococcal early-onset neonatal sepsis in the area of Barcelona (2004-2010). Analysis of missed opportunities for prevention].

Objectives: To study the evolution of the incidence of early-onset neonatal sepsis (EOS) by Streptococcus agalactiae in the area of Barcelona and to analyze failure of compliance with the prevention protocol.

Methods: A retrospective review was carried out on EOS cases in 8 Health-Care Centers in the Barcelona area between 2004 and 2010.

Results: Forty-nine newborns from 48 mothers were diagnosed with EOS.

Molecular characterization of two high-level ceftriaxone-resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolates detected in Catalonia, Spain.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to characterize the first two extended-spectrum cephalosporin-resistant and multidrug-resistant (MDR) Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolates collected from two sexually related patients (men who have sex with men) in Spain.

Methods: Antimicrobial susceptibility was studied by Etest. Genes involved in quinolone, ceftriaxone and multidrug resistance were amplified by PCR and sequenced in both directions.

[Microbiological diagnosis of urinary tract infections].

For the diagnosis of urinary tract infection (UTI), besides the quantification of bacteria in the urine, cellular elements contained in the urine, the collection method used and the clinical syndrome should also be considered. Therefore, the microbiological diagnosis of UTI should be performed by an experienced person who takes into account the diversity of situations that may influence the result of each of the cultures. The processing of urine samples depends on the number of samples received daily.

[Laboratory unification: advantages and disadvantages for clinical microbiology].

This article aims to reflect on which areas or tasks of microbiology laboratories could be unified with those of clinical biochemistry, hematology, immunology or pathology laboratories to benefit patients and the health system, as well as the areas that should remain independent since their amalgamation would not only fail to provide a benefit but could even jeopardize the quality of microbiological diagnosis, and consequently patient care. To do this, the distinct analytic phases of diagnosis are analyzed, and the advantages and disadvantages of amalgamation are evaluated in each phase. The pros and cons of the unification of certain areas such as the computer system, occupational risk units, customer service, purchasing logistics, and materials storage, etc, are also discussed.

Characterisation of the CTX-M-15-encoding gene in Klebsiella pneumoniae strains from the Barcelona metropolitan area: plasmid diversity and chromosomal integration.

The localisation and genetic organisation of bla(CTX-M-15) were studied in 37 CTX-M-15-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates collected from 2005 to 2008 within the Barcelona metropolitan area. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based replicon typing and Southern hybridisations were used to identify the bla(CTX-M-15) location. The genetic environment was analysed by PCR mapping and sequencing, and transferability of bla(CTX-M-15) was evaluated by conjugation and transformation assays.

Isolation and characterization of potentially pathogenic antimicrobial-resistant Escherichia coli strains from chicken and pig farms in Spain.

To ascertain whether on animal farms there reside extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) and plasmidic class C beta-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli isolates potentially pathogenic for humans, phylogenetic analyses, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) typing, serotyping, and virulence genotyping were performed for 86 isolates from poultry (57 isolates) and pig (29 isolates) farms. E. coli isolates from poultry farms carried genes encoding enzymes of the CTX-M-9 group as well as CMY-2, whereas those from pig farms mainly carried genes encoding CTX-M-1 enzymes.

Phylogroups, virulence determinants and antimicrobial resistance in stx(2) gene-carrying Escherichia coli isolated from aquatic environments.

The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of antibiotic-resistant stx(2) gene-carrying Escherichia coli isolated from human and animal wastewater with regard to their animal/human origin, serotype, phylogenetic background and virulence factors. The isolates were characterized by PCR in relation to stx variant, phylogenetic group and other virulence genes (stx(1), ehxA and saa). Antibiotic resistance was found in 92% of the stx(2) gene-carrying E.

[Diagnostic resources for sexually transmitted infections in laboratories in Catalonia (Spain)].

Objective: With the aim of describing both the capacity and organization of the laboratories in Catalonia to diagnose sexually transmitted infections, a cross-sectional study was performed between November 2005 and March 2006, which included 140 laboratories.

Results: Ninety-eight laboratories performed some STI tests, 45 received more than 50 vaginal swabs per month, 42 diagnosed Chlamydia trachomatis, but only six used polymerase chain reaction techniques. None diagnosed venereal lymphogranuloma.

Structure and urovirulence characteristics of the fecal Escherichia coli population among healthy women.

The fecal Escherichia coli population structure may influence the occurrence and etiology of extraintestinal infection, but is poorly understood. Accordingly, fecal E. coli from 39 healthy women (30 putative colonies per subject) were characterized for clonal identity, urinary tract infection-associated virulence traits, and phylogenetic background.

Role of host and bacterial virulence factors in Escherichia coli spontaneous bacterial peritonitis.

Objectives: Host factors and bacterial virulence determinants may play a role in Escherichia coli (E. coli) spontaneous bacterial peritonitis. We evaluated the importance of these factors in the emergence of fluoroquinolone-resistant strains and outcome in cirrhotic patients with E.

Relationship between Escherichia coli strains causing acute cystitis in women and the fecal E. coli population of the host.

Previous epidemiological assessments of the prevalence versus special-pathogenicity hypothesis for urinary tract infection (UTI) pathogenesis in women may have been confounded by underlying host population differences between women with UTI and healthy controls and have not considered the clonal complexity of the fecal Escherichia coli population of the host. In the present study, 42 women with acute uncomplicated cystitis served as their own controls for an analysis of the causative E. coli strain and the concurrent intestinal E.

Virulence and antimicrobial resistance profiles among Escherichia coli strains isolated from human and animal wastewater.

To gain insight into whether Escherichia coli isolated from humans and resistant to some common antimicrobial agents are derived from animals, 85 E. coli strains were selected by ERIC-PCR from human and animal wastewater samples. Phylogroup, pathogenicity islands (PAIs), resistance to quinolones, fluoroquinolones and presence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) were analyzed.

[Etiology of community-acquired lower urinary infections and antimicrobial resistance of Escherichia coli: a national surveillance study].

Background And Objectives: The increasing rates of resistance exhibited by uropathogens represent a serious problem. The aim of this study was to determine, in Spain, the etiology of community-acquired lower urinary infections and antimicrobial resistance of Escherichia coli isolates.

Methods: Prospective multicenter study conducted between February and June 2006, in 15 microbiology laboratories located in 9 autonomous regions.

[Characterization of Escherichia coli isolates derived from phylogenetic groups A and B1 causing extraintestinal infection].

Introduction: Escherichia coli isolates from the non-pathogenic phylogenetic groups A and B1 rarely cause extraintestinal infections. The aim of this study was to analyze 37 E. coli isolates pertaining to phylogenetic groups A and B1 and compare them with 37 E.

[Pathogenesis of urinary tract infections].

"Uropathogenic Escherichia coli" has been the term used to describe E. coli strains able to cause urinary tract infections. Their molecular characterization has demonstrated that these strains are the same as those causing infections in non-urinary extraintestinal locations, and it has been proposed thus the more inclusive term "extraintestinal pathogenic E.

Quinolone, fluoroquinolone and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole resistance in relation to virulence determinants and phylogenetic background among uropathogenic Escherichia coli.

Introduction: The goal of this study was to assess how resistance to quinolones, fluoroquinolones and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole relates to the virulence potential and phylogenetic background of clinical Escherichia coli isolates.

Methods: Among 150 uropathogens (21% resistant to quinolones, 12% resistant to fluoroquinolones and 29.3% resistant to trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole), E.

Comparative study of Escherichia coli virulence determinants in strains causing urinary tract bacteremia versus strains causing pyelonephritis and other sources of bacteremia.

To assess the role of phylogenetic background and putative virulence factors (VFs) in Escherichia coli causing urinary bacteremia, 50 strains isolated from this condition were compared with 50 strains isolated from pyelonephritis and 50 from other sources of bacteremia. papA and papGII were significantly more prevalent in urinary bacteremia and pyelonephritis (78%, 66% and 70%, 58%) than in other-source bacteremia (48% and 24%), whereas sfa/focDE and cnf1 were more prevalent in urinary-source bacteremia (56% and 44%) than in pyelonephritis and other-source bacteremia (28%, 42% and 20%, 28%). Group B2 was the most frequent in all conditions (63% of isolates) and exhibited the greatest concentration of VFs.

[Etiology and antimicrobial susceptibility among uropathogens causing community-acquired lower urinary tract infections: a nationwide surveillance study].

Introduction: Knowledge of antimicrobial susceptibility patterns is required to prescribe empirical therapy and formulate guidelines for the treatment of community-acquired urinary tract infections. This multicenter study assesses the etiology and antimicrobial susceptibility of the main community-acquired uropathogens in Spain.

Methods: Between March and July 2002, a prospective, multicenter study was conducted in 15 microbiology laboratories located in nine autonomous regions.