How Do Phages Disrupt the Structure of Biofilm?

Biofilms are composed of multicellular communities of microbial cells and their self-secreted extracellular polymeric substances (EPS). The viruses named bacteriophages can infect and lyze bacterial cells, leading to efficient biofilm eradication. The aim of this study was to analyze how bacteriophages disrupt the biofilm structure by killing bacterial cells and/or by damaging extracellular polysaccharides, proteins, and DNA.

Adjustment in the Composition and Organization of Lipids during the Swarming Process.

, an opportunistic pathogen of the urinary tract, is known for its dimorphism and mobility. A connection of lipid alterations, induced by the rods elongation process, with enhanced pathogenicity of long-form morphotype for the development of urinary tract infections, seems highly probable. Therefore, research on the adjustment in the composition and organization of lipids forming elongated rods was undertaken.

Benefits and Challenges of the Use of Two Novel vB_Efa29212_2e and vB_Efa29212_3e Bacteriophages in Biocontrol of the Root Canal Infections.

Unlabelled: Bacteriophage therapy has emerged as a strategy supplementing traditional disinfection protocols to fight biofilms. The aim of the study was to isolate the phages against and to characterize its biological features, morphology, and lytic activity in a formed biofilm model.

Methods: ATCC 29212 strain was used for the trial.

Combined Application of Aminoglycosides and Ascorbic Acid in the Elimination of Rods Responsible for Causing Catheter-Associated Urinary Tract Infections (CAUTIs)-A Molecular Approach.

is a common cause of catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTIs). In this study, we verified the effectiveness of amikacin or gentamicin and ascorbic acid (AA) co-therapy in eliminating uropathogenic cells, as well as searched for the molecular basis of AA activity by applying chromatographic and fluorescent techniques. Under simulated physiological conditions, a combined activity of the antibiotic and AA supported the growth (threefold) of the C12 strain, but reduced catheter colonization (≤30%) in comparison to the drug monotherapy.

Phospholipids and Fatty Acids Affect the Colonization of Urological Catheters by .

-mediated CAUTIs are usually initiated by the adherence of bacteria to a urinary catheter surface. In this paper, three isolates of different origin and exhibiting different adhesion abilities were investigated in search of any changes in lipidome components which might contribute to adhesion to catheters. Using GC-MS and LC-MS/MS techniques, 21 fatty acids and 27 phospholipids were identified in the examined cells.

Amikacin and bacteriophage treatment modulates outer membrane proteins composition in Proteus mirabilis biofilm.

Modification of outer membrane proteins (OMPs) is the first line of Gram-negative bacteria defence against antimicrobials. Here we point to Proteus mirabilis OMPs and their role in antibiotic and phage resistance. Protein profiles of amikacin (AMKrsv), phage (Brsv) and amikacin/phage (AMK/Brsv) resistant variants of P.

Potentially Probiotic Lactobacillus Strains Derived from Food Intensify Crystallization Caused by Proteus mirabilis in Urine.

Proteus mirabilis is a common cause of infectious urolithiasis. The first stage in the formation of urinary stones is the crystallization of mineral salts in the urine induced by urease activity of this microorganism. Lactobacillus spp.

The unique structure of bacterial polysaccharides - Immunochemical studies on the O-antigen of Proteus penneri 4034-85 clinical strain classified into a new O83 Proteus serogroup.

The serological classification scheme of the opportunistic Proteus bacilli includes a number of Proteus penneri strains. The tested P. penneri 4034-85 strain turned out to be serologically distinguished in ELISA and Western blotting.

Isolation and Purification of Proteus mirabilis Bacteriophage.

Bacteriophages specifically targeting different strains of bacteria can be isolated from urban sewage using properly modified enrichment techniques. This chapter provides a detailed protocol for isolation of Proteus mirabilis-specific bacteriophages. Briefly, prefiltered sewage is mixed with double-concentrated tryptic soy broth containing the target strain and incubated.

Influence of various uropathogens on crystallization of urine mineral components caused by Proteus mirabilis.

Infectious urolithiasis is a consequence of long-standing urinary tract infections with urease-positive bacteria, especially Proteus spp. However, because of the often mixed nature of urinary tract infections, in the case of urinary stones formation, several species of bacteria may be involved in the process. The purpose of the study was to determine the impact of the bacterial species: Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Providencia stuartii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus on the crystallization caused by Proteus mirabilis.

Development of a molecular serotyping scheme and a multiplexed luminex-based array for Providencia.

Providencia is an opportunistic human pathogen that belongs to the Enterobacteriaceae family. The bacterial cell surface O-antigen is one of the most structurally variable cell constituents and serves as a basis for serotyping gram-negative bacteria. In this work, the genomes of 12 Providencia strains were sequenced, and genes driving O-antigen biosynthesis were analyzed.

Interaction of Mannose-Binding Lectin With Lipopolysaccharide Outer Core Region and Its Biological Consequences.

Lipopolysaccharide (LPS, endotoxin), the main surface antigen and virulence factor of Gram-negative bacteria, is composed of lipid A, core oligosaccharide, and O-specific polysaccharide (O-PS) regions. Each LPS region is capable of complement activation. We have demonstrated that LPS of , an opportunistic human pathogen, reacts strongly with human and murine mannose-binding lectins (MBLs).

Professor Krystyna Kotełko and her contribution to the study of Proteus endotoxin.

Professor Krystyna Kotełko was working as a microbiologist at the University of Łódź (Poland). Her main object of study was the LPS (endotoxin) of opportunistic urinary pathogens from the genus Proteus. She demonstrated, for the first time, the presence of uronic acids and amino acids, as well as two heptoses (L- glycero-D- manno-heptose and D- glycero-D- manno-heptose) and hexosamines in Proteus LPS, and developed a classification scheme of the Proteus LPS into chemotypes.

The New Structure of Core Oligosaccharide Presented by Proteus penneri 40A and 41 Lipopolysaccharides.

The new type of core oligosaccharide in 40A and 41 lipopolysaccharides has been investigated by ¹H and C NMR spectroscopy, electrospray ionization mass spectrometry and chemical methods. Core oligosaccharides of both strains were chosen for structural analysis based on the reactivity of LPSs with serum against 40A core oligosaccharide-diphtheria toxoid conjugate. Structural analyses revealed that 40A and 41 LPSs possess an identical core oligosaccharide.

Changes in the lipopolysaccharide of Proteus mirabilis 9B-m (O11a) clinical strain in response to planktonic or biofilm type of growth.

The impact of planktonic and biofilm lifestyles of the clinical isolate Proteus mirabilis 9B-m on its lipopolysaccharide (O-polysaccharide, core region, and lipid A) was evaluated. Proteus mirabilis bacteria are able to form biofilm and lipopolysaccharide is one of the factors involved in the biofilm formation. Lipopolysaccharide was isolated from planktonic and biofilm cells of the investigated strain and analyzed by SDS-PAGE with silver staining, Western blotting and ELISA, as well as NMR and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry techniques.

Systematic Identification of Lysine 2-hydroxyisobutyrylated Proteins in .

Lysine 2-hydroxyisobutyrylation (K) is a novel post-translational modification (PTM), which was thought to play a role in active gene transcription and cellular proliferation. Here we report a comprehensive identification of K in By combining affinity enrichment with two-dimensional liquid chromatography and high-resolution mass spectrometry, 4735 2-hydroxyisobutyrylation sites were identified on 1051 proteins in These proteins bearing modifications were further characterized in abundance, distribution and functions. The interaction networks and domain architectures of these proteins with high confidence were revealed using bioinformatic tools.

Genetic diversity of the O antigens of Proteus species and the development of a suspension array for molecular serotyping.

Proteus species are well-known opportunistic pathogens frequently associated with skin wound and urinary tract infections in humans and animals. O antigen diversity is important for bacteria to adapt to different hosts and environments, and has been used to identify serotypes of Proteus isolates. At present, 80 Proteus O-serotypes have been reported.

Novel tetrahydroacridine and cyclopentaquinoline derivatives with fluorobenzoic acid moiety induce cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in lung cancer cells by activation of DNA damage signaling.

Lung cancer is still the leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide, indicating a necessity to develop more effective therapy. Acridine derivatives are potential anticancer agents due to their ability to intercalate DNA as well as inhibit enzymes involved in replication and transcription. Recently, we have evaluated anticancer activity of 32 novel acridine-based compounds.

A High-resolution Typing Assay for Uropathogenic Escherichia coli Based on Fimbrial Diversity.

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are one of the most common bacterial infections in humans, causing cystitis, pyelonephritis, and renal failure. Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) is the leading cause of UTIs. Accurate and rapid discrimination of UPEC lineages is useful for epidemiological surveillance.

Differentiation of polyvalent bacteriophages specific to uropathogenic Proteus mirabilis strains based on the host range pattern and RFLP.

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) caused by P. mirabilis are difficult to cure because of the increasing antimicrobial resistance of these bacteria. Phage therapy is proposed as an alternative infection treatment.

Antimicrobial, antiadhesive and antibiofilm potential of lipopeptides synthesised by Bacillus subtilis, on uropathogenic bacteria.

The aim of this study was to investigate the antimicrobial effect of lipopeptide biosurfactants from surfactin, iturin and fengycin families, synthesised by the Bacillus subtilis I'1a strain, on uropathogenic bacteria, including the effects on planktonic growth, processes of biofilm formation and dislodging. Antimicrobial activity was tested against 32 uropathogenic strains belonging to 12 different species of Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. The sensitivity of 25 tested bacterial strains to the B.

Classification of a Proteus penneri clinical isolate with a unique O-antigen structure to a new Proteus serogroup, O80.

Proteus penneri is an opportunistic pathogen, which may cause severe diseases, most frequently urinary tract infections in immunocompromised patients. P. penneri Br 114 exhibiting a good swarming growth ability as an S-form strain was isolated from a wound of a patient in Łódź, Poland.

Various intensity of Proteus mirabilis-induced crystallization resulting from the changes in the mineral composition of urine.

Infectious urolithiasis is a result of recurrent and chronic urinary tract infections caused by urease-positive bacteria, especially Proteus mirabilis. The main role in the development of this kind of stones is played by bacterial factors such as urease and extracellular polysaccharides, but urinary tract environment also contributes to this process. We used an in vitro model to establish how the changes in the basic minerals concentrations affect the intensity of crystallization which occurs in urine.

Structure of the O-polysaccharide of Providencia alcalifaciens O2 containing ascarylose and N-(L-alanyl)-D-glucosamine.

The O-polysaccharide was obtained by degradation of the lipopolysaccharide of Providencia alcalifaciens O2 under mild acidic conditions followed by GPC. The polysaccharide was found to contain two unusual components: 3,6-dideoxy-L-arabino-hexose (ascarylose, Asc) and 2-(L-alanyl)amino-2-deoxy-D-glucose (GlcNAla). Ascarylose was partially split off during lipopolysaccharide degradation and could be eliminated completely by selective acid hydrolysis, which also partially cleaved the β-GAlNAc-(1 → 6) linkage.

Structure and gene cluster organization of the O-antigen of Providencia alcalifaciens O45:H25.

O-Polysaccharide was obtained by mild acid degradation of the lipopolysaccharide of Providencia alcalifaciens O45:H25 and studied by sugar analysis, Smith degradation, and (1)H and (13)C NMR spectroscopy. The following structure of the pentasaccharide repeat of the O-polysaccharide was established: [structure: see text]. The O-antigen gene cluster of P.