The Second-to-Fourth Digit (2D:4D) Ratio of Male Combat Athletes is Associated with the Choice of Sport.

The second-to-fourth-digit (2D:4D) ratio has been widely used as a putative marker of prenatal exposure to testosterone in health, behavioral and sport sciences, but it has only been used few times regarding combat athletes. This study involved 200 male elite combat athletes (Olympic wrestling, kickboxing, judo, taekwondo and karate) and 179 males not participating in any sports. The lengths of the index finger (2D) and ring (4D) finger were measured using computer-assisted image analysis (AutoMetric 2.

How often are x-rays used as diagnostic tool by healthcare providers in the Mazovian province of Poland.

Background: Within the medical facilities provided by state healthcare services, a universally applied technique for patient diagnosis and treatment relies on ionising radiation; for example in radiotherapy and X-ray (ie. examination). Human exposure to such radiation is not however entirely free of associated health risks.

Is physical activity of medical personnel a role model for their patients.

Introduction And Objective: Sedentary lifestyle and other health behaviors such as smoking or alcohol consumption are well documented risk factors of several diseases. Numerous works by doctors and other healthcare professionals have been dedicated to the study of smoking and alcohol consumption. In contrast, the prevalence of physical activity of doctors or other medical personnel, who are well positioned to provide physical activity counseling to patients, remains almost unknown.

[Determinants of health oriented physical activity among Warsaw teachers].

Aim: Evaluation of the factors determining physical activity performed by teachers.

Material And Methods: The study included 1,551 subjects. A questionnaire consisting of two parts was used.

Mortality of top athletes, actors and clergy in Poland: 1924-2000 follow-up study of the long term effect of physical activity.

Although a regular moderate physical activity is commonly accepted as an important heath promoting factor, the role of professional sport training is still under debate. The presented mortality analysis, concerning the period of 1946-2000, was performed for three groups of people completely healthy in youth, but exhibiting different physical activity level in those days: all Polish athletes who participated in the Olympic Games (1689 males, 424 females), drama actors/actresses (2406/1938), and monks/ nuns (796/323). In all studied cohorts mortality was lower than that of gender adjusted, Polish urban population.

[Mortality of Polish capuchins in 1946-2000].

In the study the mortality of Polish monks (Capuchins order) was analysed for the period 1946-2000, and for two pairs of sub-periods limited by the dates of the end of Vatican Council, Second, and democratic transformation in 1989. Statistical approach based on the follow-up method. Comparison with the reference population (Polish males from urban areas) was made by means of the standardised mortality ratios (SMRs) and their 95% confidence intervals.

Plasma TBARS, blood GSH concentrations, and erythrocyte antioxidant enzyme activities in regularly menstruating women with ovulatory and anovulatory menstrual cycles.

Background: Vigorous physical activity and subsequent depressed ovarian hormone secretion resulting in anovulatory menstrual cycles can affect erythrocyte antioxidant system in premenopausal women and contribute to attenuated protection against oxidative stress.

Methods: A total of 17 regularly menstruating women participated in the study. Prospective subjects monitored their basal body temperature (BBT) for 3 months prior to the study.

[Mortality of Polish actors in 1981-1999].

The objective of this study was to compare the mortality of Polish actors (males and females) with the general Polish population for the period 1981-1999 and for two sub-periods: 1981-1991 and 1992-1998. Initially the studied cohort included 3992 dramatic actors (2161 males, 1831 females) of age 18-80 years (at the moment of cohort entrance). After detailed data verification statistical analysis was made for 2120 actors and 1767 actresses, contributing 29477.