Avoided metallicity in a hole-doped Mott insulator on a triangular lattice.

Doping of a Mott insulator gives rise to a wide variety of exotic emergent states, from high-temperature superconductivity to charge, spin, and orbital orders. The physics underpinning their evolution is, however, poorly understood. A major challenge is the chemical complexity associated with traditional routes to doping.

Body fat predicts urinary tract infection in kidney transplant recipients: a prospective cohort study.

Background: The association between obesity and infectious diseases is increasingly reported in the literature. There are scarce studies on the association between obesity and urinary tract infection after kidney transplantation (KTx). These studies defined obesity based on body mass index, and their results were conflicting.

Controlling the Charge Density Wave Transition in Single-Layer TiTeSe Alloys by Band Gap Engineering.

Closing the band gap of a semiconductor into a semimetallic state gives a powerful potential route to tune the electronic energy gains that drive collective phases like charge density waves (CDWs) and excitonic insulator states. We explore this approach for the controversial CDW material monolayer (ML) TiSe by engineering its narrow band gap to the semimetallic limit of ML-TiTe. Using molecular beam epitaxy, we demonstrate the growth of ML-TiTeSe alloys across the entire compositional range and unveil how the (2 × 2) CDW instability evolves through the normal state semiconductor-semimetal transition via angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy.

Giant valley-Zeeman coupling in the surface layer of an intercalated transition metal dichalcogenide.

Spin-valley locking is ubiquitous among transition metal dichalcogenides with local or global inversion asymmetry, in turn stabilizing properties such as Ising superconductivity, and opening routes towards 'valleytronics'. The underlying valley-spin splitting is set by spin-orbit coupling but can be tuned via the application of external magnetic fields or through proximity coupling. However, only modest changes have been realized to date.

The Cranial Morphology of the Black-Footed Ferret: A Comparison of Wild and Captive Specimens.

The black-footed ferret (), a North American mustelid species, was once found abundantly throughout the Midwest until the extreme decline in prairie dogs ( spp.), the black-footed ferret's primary food source, brought the species to near-extinction. Subsequently, the Black-Footed Ferret Recovery Program was created in the 1980s with a goal of bringing all remaining individuals of the species into captivity in order to breed the species back to a sustainable population level for successful reintroduction into the wild.

Impact of In-Hospital infection with SARS-CoV-2 among Inpatients at a university hospital.

Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the incidence of nosocomial infection and the impact of cross-transmission of SARS-CoV-2 among inpatients at a tertiary care teaching hospital.

Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study involving inpatients admitted to a tertiary university hospital in the city of São Paulo, Brazil, between March 2020 and February 2021. Cases were identified on the basis of a positive reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction result for SARS-CoV-2 and the review of electronic medical records.

mRNA Degradation Rates Are Coupled to Metabolic Status in Mycobacterium smegmatis.

The success of as a human pathogen is due in part to its ability to survive stress conditions, such as hypoxia or nutrient deprivation, by entering nongrowing states. In these low-metabolism states, can tolerate antibiotics and develop genetically encoded antibiotic resistance, making its metabolic adaptation to stress crucial for survival. Numerous bacteria, including , have been shown to reduce their rates of mRNA degradation under growth limitation and stress.

EMDR as Add-On Treatment for Psychiatric and Traumatic Symptoms in Patients with Substance Use Disorder.

Substance use disorders (SUD) are patterns of substance use leading to severe impairment on social, working and economic levels. and clinical findings have enhanced the role of the brain's stress-related system in maintaining SUD behaviors. Several studies have also revealed a high prevalence of post-traumatic symptoms among SUD patients, suggesting that a trauma-informed treatment approach could lead to better treatment outcomes.

Palmitoylethanolamide Blunts Amyloid-β42-Induced Astrocyte Activation and Improves Neuronal Survival in Primary Mouse Cortical Astrocyte-Neuron Co-Cultures.

Background: Based on the pivotal role of astrocytes in brain homeostasis and the strong metabolic cooperation existing between neurons and astrocytes, it has been suggested that astrocytic dysfunctions might cause and/or contribute to neuroinflammation and neurodegenerative processes. Therapeutic approaches aimed at both neuroprotection and neuroinflammation reduction may prove particularly effective in slowing the progression of these diseases. The endogenous lipid mediator palmitoylethanolamide (PEA) displayed neuroprotective and anti(neuro)inflammatory properties, and demonstrated interesting potential as a novel treatment for Alzheimer's disease.

Cocaine modulates allosteric D-σ receptor-receptor interactions on dopamine and glutamate nerve terminals from rat striatum.

The effects of nanomolar cocaine concentrations, possibly not blocking the dopamine transporter activity, on striatal D-σ heteroreceptor complexes and their inhibitory signaling over Gi/o, have been tested in rat striatal synaptosomes and HEK293T cells. Furthermore, the possible role of σ receptors (σRs) in the cocaine-provoked amplification of D receptor (DR)-induced reduction of K-evoked [H]-DA and glutamate release from rat striatal synaptosomes, has also been investigated. The dopamine D-likeR agonist quinpirole (10nM-1μM), concentration-dependently reduced K-evoked [H]-DA and glutamate release from rat striatal synaptosomes.

Long-lasting alterations of hippocampal GABAergic neurotransmission in adult rats following perinatal Δ-THC exposure.

The long-lasting effects of gestational cannabinoids exposure on the adult brain of the offspring are still controversial. It has already been shown that pre- or perinatal cannabinoids exposure induces learning and memory disruption in rat adult offspring, associated with permanent alterations of cortical glutamatergic neurotransmission and cognitive deficits. In the present study, the risk of long-term consequences induced by perinatal exposure to cannabinoids on rat hippocampal GABAergic system of the offspring, has been explored.

Oral health correlates of captivity.

The predominant diet fed to captive carnivores in North America consists of ground meat formulated to provide full nutritional requirements. However, this ground meat diet completely lacks the mechanical properties (i.e.

Functional role of striatal A2A, D2, and mGlu5 receptor interactions in regulating striatopallidal GABA neuronal transmission.

In this study, the functional role of individual striatal receptors for adenosine (A2AR), dopamine (D2R), and the metabotropic glutamate receptor mGlu5R in regulating rat basal ganglia activity was characterized in vivo using dual-probe microdialysis in freely moving rats. In particular, intrastriatal perfusion with the D2R agonist quinpirole (10 μM, 60 min) decreased ipsilateral pallidal GABA and glutamate levels, whereas intrastriatal CGS21680 (A2AR agonist; 1 μM, 60 min) was ineffective on either pallidal GABA and glutamate levels or the quinpirole-induced effects. Intrastriatal perfusion with the mGlu5R agonist (RS)-2-chloro-5-hydroxyphenylglycine (600 μM, 60 min), by itself ineffective on pallidal GABA and glutamate levels, partially counteracted the effects of quinpirole.

Neurotensin: A role in substance use disorder?

Neurotensin is a tridecapeptide originally identified in extracts of bovine hypothalamus. This peptide has a close anatomical and functional relationship with the mesocorticolimbic and nigrostriatal dopamine system. Neural circuits containing neurotensin were originally proposed to play a role in the mechanism of action of antipsychotic agents.

GET73 Prevents Ethanol-Induced Neurotoxicity in Primary Cultures of Rat Hippocampal Neurons.

Aims: N-[(4-trifluoromethyl) benzyl] 4-methoxybutyramide (GET73) may be considered a promising therapeutic agent for the treatment of alcohol use disorders. The compound displayed anti-alcohol and anxiolytic properties in rat. In the present study, an in vitro experimental model of chronic ethanol treatment was used to investigate the ability of the compound to counteract the ethanol-induced neurotoxicity.

Differential Effects of Palmitoylethanolamide against Amyloid-β Induced Toxicity in Cortical Neuronal and Astrocytic Primary Cultures from Wild-Type and 3xTg-AD Mice.

Background: Considering the heterogeneity of pathological changes occurring in Alzheimer's disease (AD), a therapeutic approach aimed both to neuroprotection and to neuroinflammation reduction may prove effective. Palmitoylethanolamide (PEA) has attracted attention for its anti-inflammatory/neuroprotective properties observed in AD animal models.

Objective And Methods: We evaluated the protective role of PEA against amyloid-β₄₂ (Aβ₄₂) toxicity on cell viability and glutamatergic transmission in primary cultures of cerebral cortex neurons and astrocytes from the triple-transgenic murine model of AD (3xTg-AD) and their wild-type littermates (non-Tg) mice.

Adenosine A2A-D2 receptor-receptor interactions in putative heteromers in the regulation of the striato-pallidal gaba pathway: possible relevance for parkinson's disease and its treatment.

Striatal dopamine adenosine A2A and D2 receptors interact to modulate some aspects of motor and motivational function. The demonstration of A2A/D2 receptor heteromerization in living cells constituted a progress for understanding the neurobiology of dopamine D2 and adenosine A2A receptors. In fact, the existence of putative striatalA2A/D2 receptor heteromers has been suggested to be important for striatal function under both normal and pathological conditions, such as Parkinson's disease.

Neurotensin NTS1-dopamine D2 receptor-receptor interactions in putative receptor heteromers: relevance for Parkinson's disease and schizophrenia.

The tridecapeptide neurotensin (NT) acts as neurotransmitter in the central nervous system and in the periphery. NT and NT receptors are largely localized in dopamine (DA)-enriched regions of the mammalian brain. Accordingly, numerous studies indicate the presence of close functional interactions between DA neurons and the peptide.

Endogenous kynurenic acid regulates extracellular GABA levels in the rat prefrontal cortex.

The tryptophan metabolite kynurenic acid (KYNA) is an endogenous antagonist of the α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7nAChR) and, at higher concentrations, inhibits ionotropic glutamate receptors. Increases in KYNA levels are seen in brain and cerebrospinal fluid in individuals with schizophrenia (SZ) and may be causally related to cognitive deficits in SZ and other psychiatric diseases. As dysfunction of circuits involving GABAergic neurons in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) likely plays a role in the cognitive impairments seen in these disorders, we examined the effects of KYNA on extracellular GABA in this brain area.

CHF5074 and LY450139 sub-acute treatments differently affect cortical extracellular glutamate levels in pre-plaque Tg2576 mice.

CHF5074 is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory derivative that has been shown to inhibit β-amyloid plaque deposition and to reverse memory deficit in vivo in transgenic mouse models of Alzheimer's disease (AD). In the present in vivo study we used pre-plaque Tg2576 mice showing cognitive impairments to investigate the effects of a sub-acute treatment with CHF5074 on prefrontal cortex dialysate glutamate levels. Furthermore, the effects of CHF5074 have been compared with those induced, under the same experimental conditions, by LY450139, a potent γ-secretase inhibitor, that has been shown to inhibit brain β-amyloid production.

Alterations of prefrontal cortex GABAergic transmission in the complex psychotic-like phenotype induced by adolescent delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol exposure in rats.

Although several findings indicate an association between adolescent cannabis abuse and the risk to develop schizophrenia later in life, the evidence for a causal relationship is still inconclusive. In the present study, we investigated the emergence of psychotic-like behavior in adult female rats chronically exposed to delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) during adolescence. To this aim, female Sprague-Dawley rats were treated with THC during adolescence (PND 35-45) and, in adulthood (PND 75), a series of behavioral tests and biochemical assays were performed in order to investigate the long-term effects of adolescent THC exposure.

The new compound GET73, N-[(4-trifluoromethyl)benzyl]4-methoxybutyramide, Regulates hippocampal Aminoacidergic transmission possibly via an allosteric modulation of mGlu5 receptor. Behavioural evidence of its "anti-alcohol" and anxiolytic properties.

The present article attempts to provide, on the basis of data emerging from studies carried out in our laboratories, a summary of the chemical and pharmacological properties of the new compound N-[(4-trifluoromethyl)benzyl]4- methoxybutyramide (GET73). Particular emphasis is given to findings obtained in vivo and in vitro suggesting that an allosteric modulation of metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGlu5 receptor) by GET73 may represent the mechanism underlying the effects of the compound produced on rat hippocampal glutamate and GABA transmission. Furthermore, behavioural findings demonstrating how this new compound reduces alcohol intake, displays anxiolytic properties, and influences spatial memory in rats are also summarized.