Azole non-susceptible C. tropicalis and polyclonal spread of C. albicans in Central Vietnam hospitals.

Introduction: Candida spp. are responsible for infections ranging from local to systemic, and resistance to antifungal first-line therapy is increasing in non-albicans Candida species. We aimed to determine the etiology of candidiasis and the antifungal resistance of Candida spp.

Occult Vancomycin-Resistant ST117 Displaying a Highly Mutated Operon.

Rare information is available on clinical encountered in Sardinia, Italy. This study investigated the antimicrobial susceptibility profiles and genotypic characteristics of isolated at the University Hospital of Sassari, Italy, using the Vitek2 system and PCR, MLST, or WGS. Vitek2 revealed two VanB-type vancomycin-resistant (VREfm) isolates (MICs mg/L = 8 and ≥32) but failed to detect vancomycin resistance in one isolate (MIC mg/L ≤ 1) despite positive genotypic confirmation of gene, which proved to be vancomycin resistant by additional phenotypic methods (MICs mg/L = 8).

Metagenomic detection of eumycetoma causative agents from households of patients residing in two Sudanese endemic villages in White Nile State.

Eumycetoma is a chronic debilitating fungal disease endemic to tropical and subtropical regions, with Sudan featuring the highest eumycetoma incidence. Among the 50 species of fungi most commonly associated with eumycetoma Madurella mycetomatis (M. mycetomatis) is often referenced as the most common pathogen.

High-risk lineages among extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli from extraintestinal infections in Maputo Central Hospital, Mozambique.

Extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli (ExPEC), particularly high-risk lineages, are responsible for severe infections and increased mortality and hospital costs worldwide, with a major burden in low-income countries. Here we determined the antimicrobial susceptibility and performed whole-genome sequencing of E. coli isolates from extraintestinal infections of patients during 2017-2018 at Maputo Central Hospital (Mozambique).

Nannizzia incurvata in Hue city - Viet Nam: Molecular identification and antifungal susceptibility testing.

Background: Nannizzia incurvata, a species belonging to the Nannizzia gypsea complex, is considered a neglected pathogen.

Objective: To detected N. incurvata isolates from dermatophytosis patients in Hue city - Viet Nam, and test the antifungal susceptibility of this species.

Extraintestinal Pathogenic ST405 Isolate Coharboring blaNDM-5 and blaCTXM-15: A New Threat in Mozambique.

The development of carbapenem resistance in extraintestinal pathogenic (ExPEC) has significant clinical implications, particularly in countries where second-line antimicrobials are not readily available, rendering treatments ineffective, and ExPEC infections untreatable. Thus, early detection of high-risk ExPEC lineages and raising awareness of the specific mechanisms underlying carbapenem resistance are mandatory for the selection of appropriate treatment options and the prevention of spread. This study aims to investigate the phenotypic and genotypic features of the first NDM-5 carbapenemase-producing ExPEC strain isolated from the blood of a patient admitted to the Maputo Central Hospital (MCH), in Mozambique.

Metagenomics of black grains: new highlights in the understanding of eumycetoma.

Background: Eumycetoma is a chronic subcutaneous granulomatous disease that is endemic in Sudan and other countries. It can be caused by eight different fungal orders. The gold standard diagnostic test is culture, however, culture-independent methods such as imaging, histopathological and molecular techniques can support diagnosis, especially in cases of negative cultures.

Multi-parasite infection in an immigrant from Ghana: potential for new epidemic foci.

Introduction: Imported parasitosis, which do not require an invertebrate vector, are extremely dangerous and can lead to the occurrence of disease in currently parasite free areas. In the present study we report a case of multi-parasitic infection in a young immigrant from Ghana to Italy caused by filaria, Schistosoma sp. and Strongyloides sp.

Chaetomium atrobrunneum causing human eumycetoma: The first report.

In this communication, a case of black grain eumycetoma produced by the fungus C. atrobrunneum is reported. The patient was initially misdiagnosed with M.

Emergence of unusual vanA/vanB genotype in a highly mutated vanB-vancomycin-resistant hospital-associated E. faecium background in Vietnam.

Enterococcus faecium has become a globally disseminated nosocomial pathogen mainly because of acquisition and diffusion of virulence factors and multidrug resistance determinants, including glycopeptides, which are some of the last resort antimicrobials used to treat more serious infections common in high-risk patients. In this study we investigated and characterized hospital-associated (HA) E. faecium isolates collected at Hue Central Hospital, Vietnam.

Genotyping of Helicobacter pylori shows high diversity of strains circulating in central Vietnam.

In Vietnam, the high prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection represents a serious health problem. Virulence genes of H. pylori have been associated to increased risk of severe gastrointestinal diseases and the genetic background differs in geographical areas.

Fasciolopsis buski infection in a Vietnamese pregnant woman with systemic lupus erythematosus.

A clinical case of infection caused by Fasciolopsis buski in a 24 weeks pregnant woman from Vietnam affected by systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is reported here. On 22 February 2012 the patient was admitted to Hue Hospital in Hue, Vietnam, with a diagnosis of general illness and suspected acute anaemia. Laboratory analysis indicated possible SLE syndrome and coprological tests demonstrated the presence of F.

Genetic determinants of pathogenicity of Escherichia coli isolated from children with acute diarrhea in Maputo, Mozambique.

Introduction: Diarrheagenic Escherichia coli (DEC) represents one of the leading cause of diarrhoea in developing countries. In this study a molecular approach was applied for the detection of diarrheagenic Escherichia coli (DEC) circulating in Maputo, Mozambique.

Methodology: All isolates were PCR tested for species-specific genes and for 11 molecular markers: stx1, stx2, eae, bfpA, lt, st, ipaH, aap, aggR CVD432 and daaE.

Antimicrobial resistance in Helicobacter pylori: current situation and management strategy in Vietnam.

Increasing antimicrobial resistance to key antibiotics in Helicobacter pylori has become a main cause of treatment failures in many countries, including Vietnam. For this reason it is advisable to perform antimicrobial sensitivity tests to provide more focused regimens for H. pylori eradication.

High rate of levofloxacin resistance in a background of clarithromycin- and metronidazole-resistant Helicobacter pylori in Vietnam.

Antimicrobial resistance in Helicobacter pylori has increased worldwide and has become a major cause of treatment failure in many countries, including Vietnam. It is advisable to perform an antibiogram to provide optimal regimens for H. pylori eradication.

Novel type of VanB2 teicoplanin-resistant hospital-associated Enterococcus faecium.

Seven high-risk clones of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium (VREF) belonging to clonal complex 17 were identified using multilocus sequence typing (MLST) among clinical isolates from Saudi Arabia. Among these isolates, a new hospital-associated sequence type (ST795), VanB(2)-type teicoplanin-resistant strain was detected. Its unusual phenotype resulted from a new combination of mutations in the ddl, vanS and vanW genes, which confirmed the trend of evolution in VanB-type resistance.

Influenza monitoring in Sardinia, Italy identifies H3 subtype in Mediterranean wild migratory birds.

Introduction: Wild migratory birds are global distributors of pathogens. Sardinia, Italy, is the second largest Island in the Mediterranean and is a land bridge between Europe and Africa.

Methodology: We designed a surveillance protocol to investigate wild migratory birds for presence, frequency, and type of avian influenza viruses.

Effects of crp deletion in Salmonella enterica serotype Gallinarum.

Background: Salmonella enterica serotype Gallinarum (S. Gallinarum) remains an important pathogen of poultry, especially in developing countries. There is a need to develop effective and safe vaccines.

Streptococcus pneumoniae DivIVA: localization and interactions in a MinCD-free context.

To clarify the function of DivIVA in Streptococcus pneumoniae, we localized this protein in exponentially growing cells by both immunofluorescence microscopy and immunoelectron microscopy and found that S. pneumoniae DivIVA (DivIVA(SPN)) had a unique localization profile: it was present simultaneously both as a ring at the division septum and as dots at the cell poles. Double-immunofluorescence analysis suggested that DivIVA is recruited to the septum at a later stage than FtsZ and is retained at the poles after cell separation.

Analysis of candidate genes through a proteomics-based approach in primary cell lines from malignant melanomas and their metastases.

Proteomics provides a powerful approach for screening alterations in protein expression and post-translational modification associated with particular human diseases. In this study, the analysis of protein expression was focused on malignant melanoma in order to determine the candidate genes involved in tumour progression. The proteomes of cultured melanocytes and of cell lines from primary and metastatic lesions of one malignant melanoma patient were profiled using two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE) and mass spectrometry.

Cell division in cocci: localization and properties of the Streptococcus pneumoniae FtsA protein.

We studied the cytological and biochemical properties of the FtsA protein of Streptococcus pneumoniae. FtsA is a widespread bacterial cell division protein that belongs to the actin superfamily. In Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis, FtsA localizes to the septal ring after FtsZ, but its exact role in septation is not known.

Mapping antigenic sites of an immunodominant surface lipoprotein of Mycoplasma agalactiae, AvgC, with the use of synthetic peptides.

As a first step toward the design of an epitope vaccine to prevent contagious agalactia, the strongly immunogenic 55-kDa protein of Mycoplasma agalactiae was studied and found to correspond to the AvgC protein encoded by the avgC gene. The avg genes of M. agalactiae, which encode four variable surface lipoproteins, display a significant homology to the vsp (variable membrane surface lipoproteins) genes of the bovine pathogen Mycoplasma bovis at their promoter region as well as their N-terminus-encoding regions.