Bilateral adrenal primary tumor in Stage 4S neuroblastoma: The Italian experience and review of the literature.

Bilateral adrenal neuroblastoma (NB) is rare and is mainly stage 4S. Its incidence, presenting features, management, and outcome have not been fully defined yet. We searched the Italian NB Registry (RINB) for stage 4S NB infants with bilateral adrenal primary tumor to compare them with stage 4S NB with unilateral tumor.

Stage 4 s neuroblastoma: features, management and outcome of 268 cases from the Italian Neuroblastoma Registry.

Background: Infants diagnosed with stage 4 s neuroblastoma commonly experience spontaneous disease regression, with few succumbing without response to therapy. We analyzed a large cohort of such infants enrolled in the Italian Neuroblastoma Registry to detect changes over time in presenting features, treatment and outcome.

Methods: Of 3355 subjects aged 0-18 years with previously untreated neuroblastoma diagnosed between 1979 and 2013, a total of 280 infants (8.