In Vivo Contrast Imaging of Rat Heart with Carbon Dioxide Foam.

Widely used classical angiography with the use of iodine contrast agents is highly problematic, particularly in patients with diabetes mellitus, cardiac and pulmonary diseases, or degree III or IV renal insufficiency. Some patients may be susceptible to allergic reaction to the iodine contrast substance. The intravenous injection of a bolus of CO (negative contrast) is an alternative method, which is, however, currently only used for imaging blood vessels of the lower limbs.