A Review of the Therapeutic Targeting of SCN9A and Nav1.7 for Pain Relief in Current Human Clinical Trials.

Introduction: There is a great need to find alternative treatments for chronic pain which have become a healthcare problem. We discuss current therapeutic targeting Nav1.7.

Targeted immune epitope prediction to HHLA2 and MAGEB5 protein variants as therapeutic approach to related viral diseases.

Background: Targeted immunotherapy is mostly associated with cancer treatment wherein designed molecules engage signaling pathways and mutant proteins critical to the survival of the cell. One of several genetic approaches is the use of in silico methods to develop immune epitopes targeting specific antigenic regions on related mutant proteins. In a recent study we showed a functional association between the gamma retrovirus HERV-H Long Terminal Associating (HHLA1, HHLA2 and HHLA3) proteins and melanoma associated antigen of the B class proteins (MAGEB5), with a resultant decrease in expression of HLA class I and II immune variants.

The evolutionary significance of certain amino acid substitutions and their consequences for HIV-1 immunogenicity toward HLA's A*0201 and B*27.

In silico tools are employed to examine the evolutionary relationship to possible vaccine peptide candidates' development. This perspective sheds light on the proteomic changes affecting the creation of HLA specific T-cell stimulating peptide vaccines for HIV. Full-length sequences of the envelope protein of the HIV subtypes A, B, C and D were obtained through the NCBI Protein database were aligned using CLUSTALW.

Challenges in the use of in silico tools for predicting peptides binding to HLA-class II molecules of HCV E1, E2, and P7.

The application of in silico tools for the development of T-cell vaccines is crucial. Yet, due to myriad of polymorphisms of human T-lymphocytic antigen challenges, such therapeutic opportunities present unique roadblocks. There is an obvious advantage in using immunoinformatics (i.

Evolutionary analysis of human vascular endothelial growth factor, angiopoietin, and tyrosine endothelial kinase involved in angiogenesis and immunity.

Human vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), angiopoietin (ANG) and tyrosine kinase with immunoglobulin and epidermal growth factor homology domains (TIE)-2 consist of a grouping of proteins that are involved in vascular homeostasis, vascular integrity and angiogenesis. There are nine proteins in the immediate VEGF family: VEGFA, VEGFB, VEGFC, VEGFD, VEGF-3, placental growth factor (PGF), VEGF receptor (VEGFR)-1, VEGFR-2, and VEGFR-1-related. They can be stimulated by cytokines to become involved in immune responses.