Oxygen therapy and noninvasive respiratory supports in acute hypoxemic respiratory failure: a narrative review.

Background: This narrative review was written by an expert panel to the members of the jury to help in the development of clinical practice guidelines on oxygen therapy.

Results: According to the expert panel, acute hypoxemic respiratory failure was defined as PaO < 60 mm Hg or SpO < 90% on room air, or PaO/FiO ≤ 300 mm Hg. Supplemental oxygen should be administered according to the monitoring of SpO, with the aim at maintaining SpO above 92% and below 98%.

Outcomes of Severe ARDS COVID-19 Patients Denied for Venovenous ECMO Support: A Prospective Observational Comparative Study.

: Few data are available concerning the outcome of patients denied venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VV-ECMO) relative to severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) due to COVID-19. : We compared the 90-day survival rate of consecutive adult patients for whom our center was contacted to discuss VV-ECMO indication. Three groups of patients were created: patients for whom VV-ECMO was immediately indicated (ECMO-indicated group), patients for whom VV-ECMO was not indicated at the time of the call (ECMO-not-indicated group), and patients for whom ECMO was definitely contraindicated (ECMO-contraindicated group).

Microvesicles Are Associated with Early Veno Venous ECMO Circuit Change during Severe ARDS: A Prospective Observational Pilot Study.

Background: Veno venous Extra Corporeal Membrane Oxygenation (vvECMO) is associated with frequent hematological ECMO-related complications needing ECMO circuit change. Microvesicles (MVs) interplay during the thrombosis-fibrinolysis process. The main objective of the study was to identify subpopulations of MVs associated with indications of early vvECMO circuit change.

COVID-19 among undocumented migrants admitted to French intensive care units during the 2020-2021 period: a retrospective nationwide study.

Background: Before the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic in France, undocumented migrants had a higher risk than general population for being admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) because of acute respiratory failure or severe infection. Specific data concerning the impact of COVID-19 on undocumented migrants in France are lacking. We aimed to analyze the mortality and respiratory severity of COVID-19 in this specific population.

Effects of ambient air pollutants on ARDS incidence and outcome: a narrative review.

Background: Exposure to air pollutants promotes inflammation, cancer, and mortality in chronic diseases. Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a common condition among intensive care unit patients and is associated with a high mortality rate. ARDS is characterized by significant lung inflammation, which can be replicated in animal models by acute exposure to high doses of various air pollutants.

Response to Prone Position in COVID-19 and Non-COVID-19 Patients with Severe ARDS Supported by vvECMO.

Background: For moderate to severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), lung-protective ventilation combined with prolonged and repeated prone position (PP) is recommended. For the most severe patients for whom this strategy failed, venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (vv-ECMO) allows a reduction in ventilation-induced lung injury and improves survival. Some aggregated data have suggested a benefit regarding survival in pursuing PP during vv-ECMO.

Awake prone position in COVID-19 acute respiratory failure: a randomised crossover study using electrical impedance tomography.

Background: The goal of this study was to determine whether an awake prone position (aPP) reduces the global inhomogeneity (GI) index of ventilation measured by electrical impedance tomography (EIT) in COVID-19 patients with acute respiratory failure (ARF).

Methods: This prospective crossover study included COVID-19 patients with COVID-19 and ARF defined by arterial oxygen tension:inspiratory oxygen fraction ( : ) of 100-300 mmHg. After baseline evaluation and 30-min EIT recording in the supine position (SP), patients were randomised into one of two sequences: SP-aPP or aPP-SP.

Ultra-lung-protective ventilation and biotrauma in severe ARDS patients on veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation: a randomized controlled study.

Background: Ultra-lung-protective ventilation may be useful during veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (vv-ECMO) for severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) to minimize ventilator-induced lung injury and to facilitate lung recovery. The objective was to compare pulmonary and systemic biotrauma evaluated by numerous biomarkers of inflammation, epithelial, endothelial injuries, and lung repair according to two ventilator strategies on vv-ECMO.

Methods: This is a prospective randomized controlled study.

Survival and Factors Associated with Survival with Extracorporeal Life Support During Cardiac Arrest: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

The survival rate after cardiac arrest (CA) remains low. The utilization of extracorporeal life support is proposed to improve management. However, this resource-intensive tool is associated with complications and must be used in selected patients.

Early assessment of patients with COVID-19 and dyspnea using lung ultrasound scoring.

Objectives: The main objective was to evaluate the precision of the Modified Lung Ultrasound (MLUS score) for predicting the need for respiratory support in the first 48 hours in patients with dyspnea due to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The secondary objectives were 1) to compare the MLUS and National Early Warning Score 2 (NEWS2), as well as the combination of both scores, as predictors of severity according to the World Health Organization (WHO) Ordinal Scale for Clinical Improvement; and 2) to compare severity assessed by ultrasound scoring to severity assessed by lung computed tomography (CT).

Material And Methods: Multicenter prospective observational cohort study conducted from March 30 to April 30, 2020, in 2 university hospitals.

Oesophageal pressure as a surrogate of pleural pressure in mechanically ventilated patients.

Background: Oesophageal pressure ( ) is used to approximate pleural pressure ( ) and therefore to estimate transpulmonary pressure ( ). We aimed to compare oesophageal and regional pleural pressures and to calculate transpulmonary pressures in a prospective physiological study on lung transplant recipients during their stay in the intensive care unit of a tertiary university hospital.

Methods: Lung transplant recipients receiving invasive mechanical ventilation and monitored by oesophageal manometry and dependent and nondependent pleural catheters were investigated during the post-operative period.

Expert consensus-based clinical practice guidelines management of intravascular catheters in the intensive care unit.

The French Society of Intensive Care Medicine (SRLF), jointly with the French-Speaking Group of Paediatric Emergency Rooms and Intensive Care Units (GFRUP) and the French-Speaking Association of Paediatric Surgical Intensivists (ADARPEF), worked out guidelines for the management of central venous catheters (CVC), arterial catheters and dialysis catheters in intensive care unit. For adult patients: Using GRADE methodology, 36 recommendations for an improved catheter management were produced by the 22 experts. Recommendations regarding catheter-related infections' prevention included the preferential use of subclavian central vein (GRADE 1), a one-step skin disinfection(GRADE 1) using 2% chlorhexidine (CHG)-alcohol (GRADE 1), and the implementation of a quality of care improvement program.

Cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome in two French emergency departments: a prospective cohort.

Chronic cannabis use can be associated with uncontrollable vomiting and abdominal pain. Diagnostic criteria for cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome (CHS) were defined in 2012 by Simonetto et al. The objectives of this study were to describe the prevalence of CHS, the patients' epidemiological characteristics, and to show the difficulties encountered in caring for these patients in emergency departments, the extent of health care and an unsuitable follow-up in general practices.

Optimal Timing of Intervention in NSTE-ACS Without Pre-Treatment: The EARLY Randomized Trial.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to compare a delayed and a very early invasive strategy in patients with non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndromes (NSTE-ACS) without pre-treatment.

Background: The optimal delay of the invasive strategy in patients with NSTE-ACS remains debated and has never been investigated in patients not pre-treated with P2Y-adenosine diphosphate receptor antagonists.

Methods: A prospective, open-label, randomized controlled trial was conducted.

Prevalence and Risk Factors for Thrombotic Complications Following Venovenous Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation: A CT Scan Study.

Objectives: The aims of this study were to: 1) analyze the cannula-associated deep vein thrombosis frequency after venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation using a CT scan and 2) identify the associated risk factors for cannula-associated deep vein thrombosis.

Design: Retrospective observational analysis at a single center.

Setting: Tertiary referral university teaching hospital.

Herpes simplex virus and Cytomegalovirus reactivation among severe ARDS patients under veno-venous ECMO.

Background: Herpesviridae reactivation among non-immunocompromised critically ill patients is associated with impaired prognosis, especially during acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). However, little is known about herpes simplex virus (HSV) and Cytomegalovirus (CMV) reactivation occurring in patients with severe ARDS under veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). We tried to determine the frequency of Herpesviridae reactivation and its impact on patients' prognosis during ECMO for severe ARDS.

Long-term neurocognitive outcome is not worsened by of the use of venovenous ECMO in severe ARDS patients.

Background: Venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VV-ECMO) is associated with a significant morbidity. There is the need to investigate long-term cognitive outcome among ARDS survivors treated with VV-ECMO. We aimed to compare the prevalence of long-term cognitive dysfunction and neuropsychological impairment using a highly specific test in severe ARDS survivors treated or not treated with VV-ECMO.

Multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa and mortality in mechanically ventilated ICU patients.

Background: The link between bacterial resistance and prognosis remains controversial. Predominant pathogen causing ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Pa), which has increasingly become multidrug resistant (MDR). The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between MDR VAP Pa episodes and 30-day mortality.

Chest CT scan and alveolar procollagen III to predict lung fibroproliferation in acute respiratory distress syndrome.

Background: Lung fibroproliferation in ARDS patients is associated with mortality. Alveolar procollagen III (NT-PCP-III) is a validated biomarker of lung fibroproliferation. A chest CT scan could be useful for the diagnosis of lung fibroproliferation.

Real-time estimation of inpatient beds required in emergency departments.

Background: Long boarding time in emergency department (ED) leads to increased morbidity and mortality. Prediction of admissions upon triage could improve ED care efficiency and decrease boarding time.

Objective: To develop a real-time automated model (MA) to predict admissions upon triage and compare this model with triage nurse prediction (TNP).