Impaired balance between neutrophil extracellular trap formation and degradation by DNases in COVID-19 disease.

Background: Thrombo-inflammation and neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are exacerbated in severe cases of COVID-19, potentially contributing to disease exacerbation. However, the mechanisms underpinning this dysregulation remain elusive. We hypothesised that lower DNase activity may be associated with higher NETosis and clinical worsening in patients with COVID-19.

Impact of dexamethasone in severe COVID-19-induced acute kidney injury: a multicenter cohort study.

Background: Acute kidney injury (AKI) in intensive care unit (ICU) patients with severe COVID-19 is common (> 50%). A specific inflammatory process has been suggested in the pathogenesis of AKI, which could be improved by dexamethasone (DXM). In a small monocenter study (n = 100 patients), we reported a potential protective effect of DXM on the risk of AKI.

Serum lactate and acute mesenteric ischaemia: An observational, controlled multicentre study.

Background: Early diagnosis and prompt management of acute mesenteric ischaemia (AMI) are key to survival but remain extremely difficult, due to vague and non-specific symptoms. Serum lactate (SL) is commonly presented as a useful biomarker for the diagnosis or prognosis of AMI. The aim of our study was test SL (1) as a diagnostic marker and (2) as a prognostic marker for AMI.

Plasma Markers of Neutrophil Extracellular Trap Are Linked to Survival but Not to Pulmonary Embolism in COVID-19-Related ARDS Patients.

Introduction: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) can cause life-threatening acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Recent data suggest a role for neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) in COVID-19-related lung damage partly due to microthrombus formation. Besides, pulmonary embolism (PE) is frequent in severe COVID-19 patients, suggesting that immunothrombosis could also be responsible for increased PE occurrence in these patients.

[Acute kidney injury in intensive care unit: A review].

Acute kidney injury is a common complication in intensive care unit. Its incidence is variable according to the studies. It is considered to occur in more than 50 % of patients.

Prognostic Impact of Early Recovering Acute Kidney Injury Following Liver Transplantation: A Multicenter Retrospective Study.

Background: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common complication after liver transplantation (LT), but the specific impact of rapidly resolving AKI is not elucidated. This study investigates the factors associated with early recovery from AKI and its association with post-LT outcomes.

Methods: Retrospective analysis of 441 liver transplant recipients with end-stage liver disease without pretransplant renal impairment.

Amino acids and vitamins status during continuous renal replacement therapy: An ancillary prospective observational study of a randomised control trial.

Background: Continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) is associated with micronutrients loss. Current recommendations are to administer 1-1.5g/kg/day of proteins during CRRT.

CD154 Induces Interleukin-6 Secretion by Kidney Tubular Epithelial Cells under Hypoxic Conditions: Inhibition by Chloroquine.

Inflammation is a major contributor to tubular epithelium injury in kidney disorders, and the involvement of blood platelets in driving inflammation is increasingly stressed. CD154, the ligand of CD40, is one of the mediators supporting platelet proinflammatory properties. Although hypoxia is an essential constituent of the inflammatory reaction, if and how platelets and CD154 regulate inflammation in hypoxic conditions remain unclear.

Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Anti-infective Agents during Continuous Veno-venous Hemofiltration in Critically Ill Patients: Lessons Learned from an Ancillary Study of the IVOIRE Trial.

Background: Hemofiltration rate, changes in blood and ultrafiltration flow, and discrepancies between the prescribed and administered doses strongly influence pharmacokinetics (PK) and pharmacodynamics (PD) of antimicrobial agents during continuous veno-venous hemofiltration (CVVH) in critically ill patients.

Methods: Ancillary data were from the prospective multicenter IVOIRE (hIgh VOlume in Intensive caRE) study. High volume (HV, 70 mL/kg/h) was at random compared with standard volume (SV, 35 mL/kg/h) CVVH in septic shock patients with acute kidney injury (AKI).

Effect of Hydroxyethyl Starch vs Saline for Volume Replacement Therapy on Death or Postoperative Complications Among High-Risk Patients Undergoing Major Abdominal Surgery: The FLASH Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: It is not known if use of colloid solutions containing hydroxyethyl starch (HES) to correct for intravascular deficits in high-risk surgical patients is either effective or safe.

Objective: To evaluate the effect of HES 130/0.4 compared with 0.

Health related quality of life and predictive factors six months after intensive care unit discharge.

Background: Advances in critical care medicine have improved patients' survival rate. However, physical and cognitive sequels after Intensive Care Unit (ICU) discharge remain substantial. Our objectives were to evaluate the Health-related Quality of Life (HRQL) at 6-month after ICU discharge and identify the risk factors of this outcomes.

Correction to: Blood platelets and sepsis pathophysiology: A new therapeutic prospect in critically ill patients?

Upon publication of the original article [1], it was noticed that the title was incorrect. Instead of 'critical', it should read 'critically', and therefore, the correct title should be.

Blood platelets and sepsis pathophysiology: A new therapeutic prospect in critically [corrected] ill patients?

Beyond haemostasis, platelets have emerged as versatile effectors of the immune response. The contribution of platelets in inflammation, tissue integrity and defence against infections has considerably widened the spectrum of their role in health and disease. Here, we propose a narrative review that first describes these new platelet attributes.

Benefits of intraoperative analgesia guided by the Analgesia Nociception Index (ANI) in bariatric surgery: An unmatched case-control study.

Introduction: Analgesia Nociception Index (ANI) has been proposed for the evaluation of the nociception-antinociception balance in the perioperative period. In obese patients, where the management of analgesia may be rendered difficult by pharmacological changes, we hypothesised that the monitoring of analgesia with ANI would reduce intraoperative opioid consumption during bariatric surgery.

Methods: This monocentric, observational, unmatched case-control study aimed to compare perioperative data from obese subjects (body mass index ≥35kgm) during bariatric surgery with or without the use of ANI monitoring (ANI+ group versus ANI- group).

A Role for CD154, the CD40 Ligand, in Granulomatous Inflammation.

Granulomatous inflammation is a distinctive form of chronic inflammation in which predominant cells include macrophages, epithelioid cells, and multinucleated giant cells. Mechanisms regulating granulomatous inflammation remain ill-understood. CD154, the ligand of CD40, is a key mediator of inflammation.

CD40 signaling and hepatic steatosis: Unanticipated links.

Obesity predisposes to an increased risk of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Hepatic steatosis is the key pathological feature of NAFLD and has emerged as a metabolic disorder in which innate and adaptive arms of the immune response play a central role in disease pathogenesis. Recent studies have revealed unexpected relationships between CD40 signaling and hepatic steatosis in high fat diet rodent models.

Modulation by Polymyxin-B Hemoperfusion of Inflammatory Response Related to Severe Peritonitis.

Conflicting results have been reported on the influence of Polymyxin-B hemoperfusion treatment on systemic inflammation markers. The aim of the study was to assess in a randomized control trial the influence on plasma cytokine concentrations of Polymyxin-B hemoperfusion in septic shock due to peritonitis. A panel of 10 pro- or anti-inflammatory cytokines was measured in 213 patients with peritonitis-induced septic shock enrolled in the randomized trial ABDOMIX testing the impact of 2 Polymyxin-B hemoperfusion sessions with standard treatment.

CD154 Induces Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 Secretion in Human Podocytes.

Matrix remodeling is a key feature of glomerulosclerosis secondary to diabetes or hypertension. Podocytes contribute to glomerular basement membrane (GBM) turnover by producing matrix components and matrix remodelling enzymes, including matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). The CD40/CD154 signaling pathway modulates matrix remodeling through the synthesis of MMPs and tissue inhibitors of MMPs.

Kinetic eGFR and Novel AKI Biomarkers to Predict Renal Recovery.

Background And Objectives: Prompt recognition of severe renal impairment could improve the early management of critically ill patients. We compared the value of kinetic eGFR, plasma neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), and urine tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-2 and urine insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 7 ([TIMP-2]*[IGFBP7]) in predicting short-term recovery from AKI and major adverse kidney events.

Design, Setting, Participants, & Measurements: During the 6-month study period, 245 patients were admitted to our intensive care unit.

Bioelectrical impedance spectroscopy to estimate fluid balance in critically ill patients.

Fluid management is a crucial issue in intensive-care medicine. This study evaluated the feasibility and reproducibility of bioimpedance spectroscopy to measure body-water composition in critically ill patients, and compared fluid balance and daily changes in total body water (TBW) measured by bioimpedance. This observational study included 25 patients under mechanical ventilation.

New frontiers for platelet CD154.

The role of platelets extends beyond hemostasis. The pivotal role of platelets in inflammation has shed new light on the natural history of conditions associated with acute or chronic inflammation. Beyond the preservation of vascular integrity, platelets are essential to tissue homeostasis and platelet-derived products are already used in the clinics.