Prognostic Impact of Acute and Chronic Inflammatory Interleukin Signatures in the Tumor Microenvironment of Early Breast Cancer.

Interleukins play dual roles in breast cancer, acting as both promoters and inhibitors of tumorigenesis within the tumor microenvironment, shaped by their inflammatory functions. This study analyzed the subtype-specific prognostic significance of an acute inflammatory versus a chronic inflammatory interleukin signature using microarray-based gene expression analysis. Correlations between these interleukin signatures and immune cell markers (CD8, IgKC, and CD20) and immune checkpoints (PD-1) were also evaluated.

, and mRNA Expression as Prognostic Markers in Patients with Early Breast Cancer.

Unlabelled: Breast cancer (BC) poses a challenge in establishing new treatment strategies and identifying new prognostic and predictive markers due to the extensive genetic heterogeneity of BC. Very few studies have investigated the impact of mRNA expression of these genes on the survival of BC patients.

Methods: We examined the impact of the mRNA expression of breast cancer gene type 1 (), breast cancer gene type 2 (), and partner and localizer of () on the metastasis-free survival (MFS) of patients with early BC using microarray gene expression analysis.

Prognostic Impact of CD38- and IgκC-Positive Tumor-Infiltrating Plasma Cells in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer.

Due to a higher mutational load, triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is characterized by a higher immunogenicity compared to other subtypes. In this context, we analyzed the prognostic significance of tumor-infiltrating plasma cells in a cohort of 107 triple-negative breast cancer patients. Tumor-infiltrating plasma cells were analyzed via immunohistochemistry using the plasma cell markers CD38 and IgκC.

Discordance of HER2-Low between Primary Tumors and Matched Distant Metastases in Breast Cancer.

We examined differences in HER2 expression between primary tumors and distant metastases, particularly within the HER2-negative primary breast cancer cohort (HER2-low and HER2-zero). The retrospective study included 191 consecutive paired samples of primary breast cancer and distant metastases diagnosed between 1995 and 2019. HER2-negative samples were divided into HER2-zero (immunohistochemistry [IHC] score 0) and HER2-low (IHC score 1+ or 2+/in situ hybridization [ISH]-negative).

Prognostic Impact of LAG-3 mRNA Expression in Early Breast Cancer.

Background: Monoclonal antibodies against PD-1 or PD-L1 have been established in clinical practice for the treatment of both early and advanced/metastatic triple-negative breast cancer. Beyond the established immune checkpoints (ICPs) (PD-1 and CTLA-4), additional ICPs, such as lymphocyte activation gene-3 (LAG-3), are subject of current research. In the present retrospective gene-expression analysis, we evaluated the prognostic significance of LAG-3 in 461 patients with early breast cancer.

Long-term prognostic significance of HER2-low and HER2-zero in node-negative breast cancer.

Background: Recently, novel antibody--drug conjugates (ADCs) showed clinical activity in a subset of advanced human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-negative patients. We investigated the prognostic significance of HER2-low and HER2-zero tumours.

Patients And Methods: The retrospective cohort study included 410 consecutive node-negative breast cancer patients without adjuvant systemic therapy treated between 1985 and 2000 (median follow-up: 16.

Prognostic Impact of Immunoglobulin Kappa C () in Early Breast Cancer.

We studied the prognostic impact of tumor immunoglobulin kappa C () mRNA expression as a marker of the humoral immune system in the FinHer trial patient population, where 1010 patients with early breast cancer were randomly allocated to either docetaxel-containing or vinorelbine-containing adjuvant chemotherapy. HER2-positive patients were additionally allocated to either trastuzumab or no trastuzumab. Hormone receptor-positive patients received tamoxifen.

Gene Expression-Based Prediction of Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy Response in Early Breast Cancer: Results of the Prospective Multicenter EXPRESSION Trial.

Purpose: Expression-based classifiers to predict pathologic complete response (pCR) after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) are not routinely used in the clinic. We aimed to build and validate a classifier for pCR after NACT.

Patients And Methods: We performed a prospective multicenter study (EXPRESSION) including 114 patients treated with anthracycline/taxane-based NACT.

Prognostic Significance of Interferon-γ and Its Signaling Pathway in Early Breast Cancer Depends on the Molecular Subtypes.

Interferons are crucial for adaptive immunity and play an important role in the immune landscape of breast cancer. Using microarray-based gene expression analysis, we examined the subtype-specific prognostic significance of interferon-γ (IFN-γ) as a single gene as well as an IFN-γ signature covering the signaling pathway in 461 breast cancer patients. Prognostic significance of IFN-γ, as well as the IFN-γ signature for metastasis-free survival (MFS), were examined using Kaplan-Meier as well as univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses in the whole cohort and in different molecular subtypes.

The expression of galectin-3 in breast cancer and its association with chemoresistance: a systematic review of the literature.

Purpose: Galectin-3 is a M 31,000 protein that belongs to a family of carbohydrate-binding proteins. Galectin-3 has already been associated with protection against apoptosis through cell to cell or cell to matrix adhesion processes. It seems that galectin-3 plays an important role in tumor progression, cell growth, invasion and metastasis.

Prognostic impact of CD4-positive T cell subsets in early breast cancer: a study based on the FinHer trial patient population.

Background: The clinical importance of tumor-infiltrating cluster of differentiation 4 (CD4) T cells is incompletely understood in early breast cancer. We investigated the clinical significance of CD4, forkhead box P3 (FOXP3), and B cell attracting chemokine leukocyte chemoattractant-ligand (C-X-C motif) 13 (CXCL13) in early breast cancer.

Methods: The study is based on the patient population of the randomized FinHer trial, where 1010 patients with early breast cancer were randomly allocated to adjuvant chemotherapy containing either docetaxel or vinorelbine, and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-positive patients were also allocated to trastuzumab or no trastuzumab.

Epsin Family Member 3 and Ribosome-Related Genes Are Associated with Late Metastasis in Estrogen Receptor-Positive Breast Cancer and Long-Term Survival in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Using a Genome-Wide Identification and Validation Strategy.

Background: In breast cancer, gene signatures that predict the risk of metastasis after surgical tumor resection are mainly indicative of early events. The purpose of this study was to identify genes linked to metastatic recurrence more than three years after surgery.

Methods: Affymetrix HG U133A and Plus 2.

c-met is overexpressed in type I ovarian cancer: Results of an investigative analysis in a cohort of consecutive ovarian cancer patients.

The tyrosine kinase c-met alters signaling cascades such as the BRAF-MAPK and PI3K-PKB pathways. These alterations are involved in the carcinogenesis of type I but not type II ovarian cancer (OC). Therefore, the present study investigated the patterns of c-met expression in a cohort of consecutive patients with OC.

Prognostic influence of cyclooxygenase-2 protein and mRNA expression in node-negative breast cancer patients.

Background: Cyclooxygenases (COX) play a key role in prostaglandin metabolism and are important for tumor development and progression. The aim of this study was to analyze the prognostic impact of COX-2 expression in a cohort of lymph node-negative breast cancer patients not treated in the adjuvant setting.

Methods: COX-2 expression was determined by immunohistochemistry (IHC) in tumor tissue of 193 node-negative breast cancer patients.

Prognostic influence of pre-operative C-reactive protein in node-negative breast cancer patients.

The importance of inflammation is increasingly noticed in cancer. The aim of this study was to analyze the prognostic influence of pre-operative serum C-reactive protein (CRP) in a cohort of 148 lymph node-negative breast cancer patients. The prognostic significance of CRP level for disease-free survival (DFS), metastasis-free survival (MFS) and overall survival (OS) was evaluated using univariate and multivariate Cox regression, also including information on age at diagnosis, tumor size, tumor grade, estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR) and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) status, proliferation index (Ki67) and molecular subtype, as well as an assessment of the presence of necrosis and inflammation in the tumor tissue.

Nationwide analysis on surgical procedures for patients with endometrial cancer in Germany: results of the AGO pattern of care studies from the years 2013, 2009, and 2006.

Purpose: In 2013, 2009, and 2006, the Arbeitsgemeinschaft Gynäkologische Onkologie evaluated the therapeutic approaches and the adherence to their guidelines for endometrial carcinoma (EC) in Germany. Here, we present the results concerning the surgical procedures.

Methods: A questionnaire was developed and sent to 682 German gynecological departments in 2013 (775 in 2009 and 500 in 2006).

Ki-67 as an independent prognostic factor in an unselected cohort of patients with ovarian cancer: results of an explorative, retrospective study.

The identification of prognostic markers has clinical implications in epithelial ovarian carcinoma (EOC). Here, we studied markers for proliferation (Ki-67), endocrine regulation [progesterone receptor (PR), estrogen receptor (ER)], and invasion [urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) and plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI-1)]. All patients with available follow-up information and EOC tissue, who were treated at our institution between 1997 and 2004, were enrolled in the present study.

Expression of aurora kinase A is associated with metastasis-free survival in node-negative breast cancer patients.

Background: Inhibitors targeting the cell cycle-regulated aurora kinase A (AURKA) are currently being developed. Here, we examine the prognostic impact of AURKA in node-negative breast cancer patients without adjuvant systemic therapy (n = 766).

Methods: AURKA was analyzed using microarray-based gene-expression data from three independent cohorts of node-negative breast cancer patients.

Immunoglobulin kappa C predicts overall survival in node-negative breast cancer.

Background: Biomarkers of the immune system are currently not used as prognostic factors in breast cancer. We analyzed the association of the B cell/plasma cell marker immunoglobulin kappa C (IGKC) and survival of untreated node-negative breast cancer patients.

Material And Methods: IGKC expression was evaluated by immunostaining in a cohort of 335 node-negative breast cancer patients with a median follow-up of 152 months.

Comparison of tear protein levels in breast cancer patients and healthy controls using a de novo proteomic approach.

Noninvasive biomarkers are urgently needed for early detection of breast cancer since the risk of recurrence, morbidity and mortality are closely related to disease stage at the time of primary surgery. In the past decade, many proteomics-based approaches were developed that utilize the protein profiling of human body fluids or identification of putative biomarkers to obtain more knowledge on the effects of cancer emergence and progression. Herein, we report on an analysis of proteins in the tear fluid from breast carcinoma patients and healthy women using a de novo proteomic approach and 25 mixed samples from each group.

A comprehensive analysis of human gene expression profiles identifies stromal immunoglobulin κ C as a compatible prognostic marker in human solid tumors.

Purpose: Although the central role of the immune system for tumor prognosis is generally accepted, a single robust marker is not yet available.

Experimental Design: On the basis of receiver operating characteristic analyses, robust markers were identified from a 60-gene B cell-derived metagene and analyzed in gene expression profiles of 1,810 breast cancer; 1,056 non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC); 513 colorectal; and 426 ovarian cancer patients. Protein and RNA levels were examined in paraffin-embedded tissue of 330 breast cancer patients.

Antibody microarray analysis of the serum proteome in primary breast cancer patients.

Noninvasive biomarkers are urgently needed for detecting breast cancer as early as possible since the risk of recurrence, morbidity, and mortality is closely related to disease stage at the time of primary surgery. There are currently no such biomarkers in clinical use as a diagnostic tool. Proteomic analysis of protein expression patterns in body fluids has potential for use in identifying biomarkers of breast cancer.

Serum proteome profiling of primary breast cancer indicates a specific biomarker profile.

Non-invasive biomarkers for early breast cancer detection are urgently needed, as the risk of recurrent morbidity and mortality is closely related to the stage of the disease at the time of primary surgery. Currently, there are no established clinical biomarkers for breast cancer. Evaluation of protein expression patterns in body fluids using proteomic technologies can be used to discover new biomarkers for the detection of breast cancer.

Primary Leiomyosarcoma of the Male Breast.

We describe herein the third case of primary leiomyosarcoma of the breast in a 62-year-old man. Preoperative clinical examination and cytology findings indicated a leiomyosarcoma of the breast. A modified radical mastectomy was performed.

Ep-CAM RNA expression predicts metastasis-free survival in three cohorts of untreated node-negative breast cancer.

Epithelial cell adhesion molecule (Ep-CAM) recently received increased attention as a prognostic factor in breast cancer. We aimed to validate the influence of Ep-CAM RNA expression in untreated node-negative breast cancer. Ep-CAM RNA expression was evaluated utilizing microarray-based gene-expression profiling in 194 consecutive node-negative breast cancer patients with long-term follow-up not treated in the adjuvant setting.