Gene Loss, Pseudogenization in Plastomes of Genus (), and Putative Selection for Adaptation to Environmental Conditions.

is a large family with more than 1,600 species, belonging to 75 genera. The largest genus--is vast, comprising about a thousand species. species (as well as other members of the ) are widespread and diversified, they are adapted to a wide range of habitats from shady forests to open habitats like meadows, steppes, and deserts.

Author Correction: Chronicles of nature calendar, a long-term and large-scale multitaxon database on phenology.

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.

Chronicles of nature calendar, a long-term and large-scale multitaxon database on phenology.

We present an extensive, large-scale, long-term and multitaxon database on phenological and climatic variation, involving 506,186 observation dates acquired in 471 localities in Russian Federation, Ukraine, Uzbekistan, Belarus and Kyrgyzstan. The data cover the period 1890-2018, with 96% of the data being from 1960 onwards. The database is rich in plants, birds and climatic events, but also includes insects, amphibians, reptiles and fungi.

The systematic position of Dryopteris blanfordii subsp. nigrosquamosa (Ching) Fraser-Jenkins within the genus Adans.

(C.Hope) C.Chr.

Pyridine-4-carbaldehyde-fumaric acid (2/1).

In the title co-crystal, 2C6H5NO·C4H4O4, two crystallographically different hydrogen-bonded trimers are formed, one in which the components occupy general positions, and one generated by an inversion centre. This results in the uncommon situation of Z = 3 for a triclinic crystal. In the formula units, mol-ecules are linked by O-H⋯N hydrogen bonds.

3,4-Di-amino-pyridinium hydrogen malonate.

In the title salt, C5H8N3 (+)·C3H3O4 (-), the 3,4-di-amino-pyridinium cation is almost planar, with an r.m.s.

(2S,3R,4S,4aR)-2,3,4,7-Tetra-hydroxy-3,4,4a,5-tetra-hydro-[1,3]dioxolo[4,5-j]phenanthridin-6(2H)-one hemihydrate.

The title natural compound, isolated from Narcissus pseudonarcissus var. King Alfred crystallizes as a hemihydrate, C14H13NO7·0.5H2O, with four crystallographically independent dioxolophenanthridinone mol-ecules and two crystallographically independent solvent water mol-ecules in the asymmetric unit.

6-Methyl-pyridin-2-amine.

In the title mol-ecule, C6H8N2, the endocyclic angles are in the range 118.43 (9)-122.65 (10)°.

Pyridine-2,5-diamine.

In the title mol-ecule, C5H7N3, intra-cyclic angles cover the range 117.15 (10)-124.03 (11)°.

Highly flexible molecule "Chameleon": reversible thermochromism and phase transitions in solid copper(II) diiminate Cu[CF3-C(NH)-CF═C(NH)-CF3]2.

Three thermochromic phases (α, green; β, red; γ, yellow) and six polymorphic modifications (α(1), monoclinic, P2(1)/n, Z = 2; β(1), monoclinic, P2(1)/c, Z = 4; β(2), triclinic, P1[overline], Z = 4; β(3), monoclinic, P2(1)/n, Z = 4; γ(1) and γ(2), tetragonal, P4(2)/n, Z = 4) have been found and structurally characterized for copper(II) diiminate Cu[CF(3)-C(NH)-CF═C(NH)-CF(3)](2) (1). The α phase is stable under normal conditions, whereas the high-temperature β and γ phases are metastable at room temperature and transform slowly into the more stable α phase over several days or even weeks. X-ray diffraction study revealed that the title molecules adopt different conformations in the α, β, and γ phases, namely, staircase-like, twisted, and planar, respectively.

Reengineered epipodophyllotoxin.

A variant structural skeleton of epipodophyllotoxin was synthesized and found to rival the natural cyclolignan in antiproliferative and microtubule destabilizing properties. This discovery leads to a new structural class of tubulin targeting agents.

Structural simplification of bioactive natural products with multicomponent synthesis. 4. 4H-pyrano-[2,3-b]naphthoquinones with anticancer activity.

4H-Pyrano-[2,3-b]naphthoquinone is a structural motif commonly found in natural products manifesting anticancer activities. As part of a program aimed at structural simplification of bioactive natural products utilizing multicomponent synthetic processes, we developed a compound library based on this heterocyclic scaffold. We found that several library members displayed low micromolar antiproliferative activity and induced apoptosis in human cancer cells.

The "hockey sticks" effect revisited: the conformational and electronic properties of 3,7-dithia-1,5-diazabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane from the QTAIM perspective.

The conformational effects in bicyclo[3.3.1]nonanes, while thoroughly studied, have not yet received the full theoretical explanation.

Bis(μ2-2-(dimethylamino)ethoxo-N,O,O)-di(phenolato-O)ditin(II): a high-resolution single-crystal X-ray diffraction and quantum chemical study.

Experimental and calculated electron density functions ρ(r) of the title compound in the crystal were obtained. These were compared with ρ(r) for an isolated dimer. Application of the `Atoms in Molecules' theory allowed the visualization of the electron lone pair (Lp) of tin(II) and the calculation of some bond energies and all atomic charges.

Synthesis, molecular and electronic structures of six-coordinate transition metal (Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, and Zn) complexes with redox-active 9-hydroxyphenoxazin-1-one ligands.

A series of pseudo-octahedral metal (M = Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn) complexes 4 of a new redox-active ligand, 2,4,6,8-tetra(tert-butyl)-9-hydroxyphenoxazin-1-one 3, have been synthesized, and their molecular structures determined with help of X-ray crystallography. The effective magnetic moments of complexes 4 (M = Mn, Fe, Co, and Ni) measured in the solid state and toluene solution point to the stabilization of their high-spin electronic ground states. Detailed information on the electronic structure of the complexes and their redox-isomeric forms has been obtained using density functional theory (DFT) B3LYP*/6-311++G(d,p) calculations.

Geometry and spectral properties of the protonated homodimer of pyridine in the liquid and solid states. A combined NMR, X-ray diffraction and inelastic neutron scattering study.

The structure and spectral signatures of the protonated homodimer of pyridine in its complex with a poorly coordinating anion have been studied in solution in CDF(3)/CDClF(2) down to 120 K and in a single crystal. In both phases, the hydrogen bond is asymmetric. In the solution, the proton is involved in a fast reversible transfer that determines the multiplicity of NMR signals and the sign of the primary H/D isotope effect of --0.

Effect of carnosine and its Trolox-modified derivatives on life span of Drosophila melanogaster.

This study investigated the effect of antioxidants, i.e., carnosine and its Trolox- (water-soluble analog of alpha-tocopherol) acylated derivatives (S,S)-6-hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethylchroman-2-carbonyl-beta-alanyl-L-histidine (S,S-Trolox-carnosine, STC) and (R,S)-6-hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethylchroman-2-carbonyl-beta-alanyl-L-histidine (R,S-Trolox-carnosine, RTC) on the life span of the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster.

Unexpected "amphoteric" character of the halogen bond: the charge density study of the co-crystal of N-methylpyrazine iodide with I2.

An unexpected mechanism of halogen bonding that cannot be rationalized within the accepted sigma-hole model was found in the co-crystal of N-methylpyrazine iodide with molecular iodine via the topological analysis of the electron density distribution derived from the high-resolution X-ray diffraction data.

"Higher density does not mean higher stability" mystery of paracetamol finally unraveled.

Topological analysis of the experimental electron density distribution functions for two polymorphs of paracetamol showed that strong H-bonds are responsible for the higher stability of crystal phase I, weak interactions for the higher density of phase II. This made it possible to finally resolve the contradiction between the relative stabilities and the densities of the two paracetamol polymorphs.

Two distinct mechanisms of alkyne insertion into the metal-sulfur bond: combined experimental and theoretical study and application in catalysis.

The present study reports the evidence for the multiple carbon-carbon bond insertion into the metal-heteroatom bond via a five-coordinate metal complex. Detailed analysis of the model catalytic reaction of the carbon-sulfur (C-S) bond formation unveiled the mechanism of metal-mediated alkyne insertion: a new pathway of C-S bond formation without preliminary ligand dissociation was revealed based on experimental and theoretical investigations. According to this pathway alkyne insertion into the metal-sulfur bond led to the formation of intermediate metal complex capable of direct C-S reductive elimination.

Insight into the structures of [M(C(5)H(4)I)(CO)(3)] and [M(2)(C(12)H(8))(CO)(6)] (M = Mn and Re) containing strong I...O and pi(CO)-pi(CO) interactions.

The compounds tricarbonyl(eta(5)-1-iodocyclopentadienyl)manganese(I), [Mn(C(5)H(4)I)(CO)(3)], (I), and tricarbonyl(eta(5)-1-iodocyclopentadienyl)rhenium(I), [Re(C(5)H(4)I)(CO)(3)], (III), are isostructural and isomorphous. The compounds [mu-1,2(eta(5))-acetylenedicyclopentadienyl]bis[tricarbonylmanganese(I)] or bis(cymantrenyl)acetylene, [Mn(2)(C(12)H(8))(CO)(6)], (II), and [mu-1,2(eta(5))-acetylenedicyclopentadienyl]bis[tricarbonylrhenium(I)], [Re(2)(C(12)H(8))(CO)(6)], (IV), are isostructural and isomorphous, and their molecules display inversion symmetry about the mid-point of the ligand C[triple-bond]C bond, with the (CO)(3)M(C(5)H(4)) (M = Mn and Re) moieties adopting a transoid conformation. The molecules in all four compounds form zigzag chains due to the formation of strong attractive I.

Monohalogenated ferrocenes C(5)H(5)FeC(5)H(4)X (X = Cl, Br and I) and a second polymorph of C(5)H(5)FeC(5)H(4)I.

The structures of the three title monosubstituted ferrocenes, namely 1-chloroferrocene, [Fe(C(5)H(5))(C(5)H(4)Cl)], (I), 1-bromoferrocene, [Fe(C(5)H(5))(C(5)H(4)Br)], (II), and 1-iodoferrocene, [Fe(C(5)H(5))(C(5)H(4)I)], (III), were determined at 100 K. The chloro- and bromoferrocenes are isomorphous crystals. The new triclinic polymorph [space group P-1, Z = 4, T = 100 K, V = 943.