Distinguishing functional from primary tics: a study of expert video assessments.

Background: Reliably applied criteria to differentiate functional from primary tics are lacking. In the absence of biological markers, the development of new diagnostic criteria to assist clinicians is predicated on expert judgement and consensus. This study examines the level of diagnostic agreement of experts in tic disorders using video footage and clinical descriptions.

S1P receptor modulators in Multiple Sclerosis: Detecting a potential skin cancer safety signal.

Introduction: S1P receptor modulators are oral Disease-Modifying Therapies (DMTs) for Multiple Sclerosis, which were associated with cases of basal cell carcinoma in clinical trials. This study aims at investigating in a real-world adverse event reporting system whether S1P receptor modulators increase the risk of skin cancer reporting, compared to other DMTs.

Methods: Adverse event reports from the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) were extracted, cleaned, and analyzed from 2004Q1 until 2020Q4.