The neonatal Fc receptor is a cellular receptor for human astrovirus.

Human astroviruses (HAstV) are major causes of gastroenteritis, especially in children, and there are no vaccines or antivirals currently available. Little is known about host factors required for their cellular entry. Here we utilized complementary CRISPR-Cas9-based knockout and activation screens to identify neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn) and dipeptidyl-peptidase IV (DPP4) as entry factors for HAstV infection in vitro.

Sex Differences in Ventricular Arrhythmias and Adverse Outcomes Following Acute Myocardial Infarction.

Background: Ventricular arrhythmias (VAs) are a common cause of death in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Studies have shown sex differences in the incidence, presentation, and outcomes of AMI. However, less is known about sex differences in patients with AMI who develop VAs.

The neonatal Fc receptor and DPP4 are human astrovirus receptors.

Unlabelled: Human astroviruses (HAstV) are major global causes of gastroenteritis, but little is known about host factors required for their cellular entry. Here, we utilized complementary CRISPR-Cas9-based knockout and activation screening approaches and identified neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn) and dipeptidyl-peptidase IV (DPP4) as entry factors for HAstV infection of human intestinal epithelial cells. Disruption of FcRn or DPP4 reduced HAstV infection in permissive cells and, reciprocally, overexpression of these factors in non-permissive cells was sufficient to promote infection.

Impact of Chronic Kidney Disease on the Outcomes of Patients Undergoing Left Atrial Appendage Occlusion: Insights from a Large National Database.

Introduction: Studies exploring the effectiveness and safety of left atrial appendage occlusion (LAAO) in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) are limited.

Methods: We utilized the National Inpatient Sample (NIS) to identify hospitalizations for LAAO from 2016 to 2020 and further identified cases with concomitant CKD. The primary outcome was mortality, and secondary outcomes were cerebrovascular accidents, major bleeding, vasopressor requirements, percutaneous coronary intervention, cardiac arrest, acute respiratory failure, transfusion, length of stay (LOS), and total hospital charges.

SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.1 Variant Infection of Human Colon Epithelial Cells.

The Omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2, characterized by multiple subvariants including BA.1, XBB.1.

Controversies related to renal artery denervation and devices.

Purpose Of Review: This review article discusses the controversies, strengths, and limitations of the current literature on renal artery denervation in the management of resistant hypertension, as well as the future directions of this intervention.

Recent Findings: There have been conflicting data from the different randomized control trials assessing the efficacy of renal artery denervation in the management of resistant hypertension.

Summary: Renal artery denervation is achieved by ablating the sympathetic nerves surrounding the renal arteries using endovascular ultrasound, radiofrequency, or alcohol.

In-hospital outcomes and trends of patients with autoimmune diseases undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention: A nationwide analysis.

Background: The risk of coronary artery disease is exaggerated in patients with autoimmune diseases (AID). A higher risk of complications has been reported during and after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in these patients. We aimed to analyze the in-hospital outcomes and trends of patients with AID, including rheumatoid arthritis (RA), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) undergoing PCI.

Predictors of mortality and burden of arrhythmias in endstage heart failure.

Background: Heart failure (HF) is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in the United States, contributing to approximately 1 in 8 deaths. Individuals with end-stage HF (eHF) experience debilitating symptoms leading to poor quality of life (QoL).

Methods: We used the ICD-10 code for eHF (I5084) from the National Inpatient Sample (NIS) (2016-2020) to identify all patients with eHF.

Trends in the incidence and in-patient outcomes of acute myocardial infarction in pregnancy: Insights from the national inpatient sample.

Study Objective: Pregnancy-related morbidity and mortality rates in the United States are rising despite advances in knowledge, technology, and healthcare delivery. Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of adverse pregnancy outcomes, with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) being a potential contributor to the worse outcomes in pregnancy.

Design/setting: We analyzed data from the national inpatient sample database to examine trends in the incidence and in-hospital outcomes of myocardial infarction in pregnancy from 2016 to 2020.

Calpain-2 mediates SARS-CoV-2 entry via regulating ACE2 levels.

Unlabelled: Since the beginning of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, much effort has been dedicated to identifying effective antivirals against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). A number of calpain inhibitors show excellent antiviral activities against SARS-CoV-2 by targeting the viral main protease (M), which plays an essential role in processing viral polyproteins. In this study, we found that calpain inhibitors potently inhibited the infection of a chimeric vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) encoding the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein but not M.

infection of human small intestinal epithelial cells induces type III interferon and impairs infectivity of Rotavirus.

Cryptosporidiosis is a major cause of severe diarrheal disease in infants from resource poor settings. The majority of infections are caused by the human-specific pathogen and absence of in vitro growth platforms has limited our understanding of host-pathogen interactions and development of effective treatments. To address this problem, we developed a stem cell-derived culture system for using human enterocytes differentiated under air-liquid interface (ALI) conditions.

Temporal trends in the utilization and outcome of transcatheter aortic valve replacement across racial and ethnic groups. A nationwide analysis.

Background: Transcatheter aortic valvular replacement (TAVR) improves outcomes in patients with aortic stenosis (AS). However, data describing racial disparities in the utilization and outcomes of TAVR are limited. We aimed to evaluate the utilization trends and outcomes of TAVR across racial and ethnic groups.

Impact of day of admission on in-hospital outcomes of cardiogenic shock.

Background: The management of cardiogenic shock (CS) requires attentiveness to details and in some cases, invasive interventions. In the past, studies have shown relationships between the day of admission and cardiovascular outcomes. We aim to analyze the trends and in-hospital outcomes of patients admitted with CS over the weekends compared to weekdays.

Impact of Bariatric Surgery on the Prevalence and Outcomes of Atrial Fibrillation in Obese Patients.

Obesity has been identified as a significant factor contributing to the development of numerous cardiovascular conditions and as a result, the cardiovascular community has prioritized efforts to address obesity and reduce its associated risks. However, despite these efforts, the prevalence of obesity continues to rise steadily, and is projected to double in the upcoming years. Atrial fibrillation is among the most prevalent and extensively researched cardiovascular comorbidities associated with obesity.

infection of human small intestinal epithelial cells induces type III interferon and impairs infectivity of Rotavirus.

Cryptosporidiosis is a major cause of severe diarrheal disease in infants from resource poor settings. The majority of infections are caused by the human-specific pathogen and absence of in vitro growth platforms has limited our understanding of host-pathogen interactions and development of effective treatments. To address this problem, we developed a stem cell-derived culture system for using human enterocytes differentiated under air-liquid interface (ALI) conditions.

Impact of COVID-19 Infection on Clinical Outcomes Among Patients With Acute Decompensated Heart Failure: A Nationwide Analysis.

Heart Failure (HF) is a common comorbidity in the United state. COVID-19 infection has shown worse clinical outcomes among heart failure patients; however, there is limited evidence on the impact of COVID-19 infection on the subset of HF. Hence, we aimed to investigate the clinical outcomes in patients hospitalized with COVID-19 infection without HF vs concomitant COVID-19 infection with Acute Decompensated Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction (AD-HFpEF) vs concomitant COVID-19 Infection with Acute Decompensated Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction (AD-HFrEF) using a large dataset illustrating a real word analysis.

Sudden Cardiac Death: An Update on Commotio Cordis.

Sudden cardiac death (SCD) is one of the leading causes of cardiovascular mortality, and it is caused by a diverse array of conditions. Among these is commotio cordis, a relatively infrequent but still significant cause, often seen in young athletes involved in competitive or recreational sports. It is known to be caused by blunt trauma to the chest wall resulting in life-threatening arrhythmia (typically ventricular fibrillation).

Thermomagnetic properties and its effects on Fisher entropy with Schioberg plus Manning-Rosen potential (SPMRP) using Nikiforov-Uvarov functional analysis (NUFA) and supersymmetric quantum mechanics (SUSYQM) methods.

Thermomagnetic properties, and its effects on Fisher information entropy with Schioberg plus Manning-Rosen potential are studied using NUFA and SUSYQM methods in the presence of the Greene-Aldrich approximation scheme to the centrifugal term. The wave function obtained was used to study Fisher information both in position and momentum spaces for different quantum states by the gamma function and digamma polynomials. The energy equation obtained in a closed form was used to deduce numerical energy spectra, partition function, and other thermomagnetic properties.

Smoking Cessation and Benefits to Cardiovascular Health: A Review of Literature.

Tobacco smoking is a chief cause of preventable deaths worldwide, accounting for various cancers, cardiovascular and respiratory diseases. Tobacco smoking accounts for more than seven million deaths every year. Worldwide statistics show that about 1.

CMPK2 is a host restriction factor that inhibits infection of multiple coronaviruses in a cell-intrinsic manner.

Coronaviruses (CoVs) comprise a group of important human and animal pathogens. Despite extensive research in the past 3 years, the host innate immune defense mechanisms against CoVs remain incompletely understood, limiting the development of effective antivirals and non-antibody-based therapeutics. Here, we performed an integrated transcriptomic analysis of porcine jejunal epithelial cells infected with porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) and identified cytidine/uridine monophosphate kinase 2 (CMPK2) as a potential host restriction factor.

Calpain-2 mediates SARS-CoV-2 entry and represents a therapeutic target.

Since the beginning of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, much effort has been dedicated to identifying effective antivirals against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). A number of calpain inhibitors show excellent antiviral activities against SARS-CoV-2 by targeting the viral main protease (M ), which plays an essential role in processing viral polyproteins. In this study, we found that calpain inhibitors potently inhibited the infection of a chimeric vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) encoding the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, but not M .

Prevalence of Bourbon and Heartland viruses in field collected ticks at an environmental field station in St. Louis County, Missouri, USA.

Heartland and Bourbon viruses are pathogenic tick-borne viruses putatively transmitted by Amblyomma americanum, an abundant tick species in Missouri. To assess the prevalence of these viruses in ticks, we collected 2778 ticks from eight sampling sites at Tyson Research Center, an environmental field station within St. Louis County and close to the City of St.