The Mayo Leadership Impact Index Adapted for Matrix Leadership Structures: Initial Validity Evidence.

Importance: Physician burnout has reached crisis levels. Supportive leadership is one of the strongest drivers of physician well-being, and monitoring supervisor support is key to developing well-being focused leadership skills. Existing measures of leader support were designed within "direct report" supervision structures limiting their applicability to matrixed leadership reporting structures where direct reports are not the predominant norm.

Study protocol of a systematic review and metaanalysis of stress and burnout among general surgery residents.

Introduction: Chronic workplace stress and burnout are impediments to physicians' professional fulfillment, healthcare organizations' efficiency, and patient care quality/safety. General surgery residents are especially at risk due to the complexity of their training. We report the protocol of a metaanalysis of chronic stress and burnout among Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME)-affiliated general surgery residents in the era after duty-hour reforms, plus downstream effects on their health and clinical performance.

Ketamine intolerance in patients on enhanced recovery after surgery protocols undergoing colorectal operations.

Background: Ketamine is used in enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) protocols because of its beneficial antihyperalgesic and antitolerance effects. However, adverse effects such as hallucinations, sedation, and diplopia could limit ketamine's utility. The main objective of this study was to identify rates of ketamine side effects in postoperative patients after colorectal surgery and, secondarily, to compare short-term outcomes between patients receiving ketamine analgesia and controls.

The use of a total bowel length measurement protocol may reduce reoperations and complications after single-anastomosis duodenal switch.

Introduction: Most surgeons who perform single-anastomosis duodeno-ileal switches (SADI-S) use a pre-determined common channel length without measuring total bowel length (TBL). However, TBL varies between patients, and a standardized common channel length could contribute to malabsorptive complications and reoperations following SADI-S. The purpose of this study was to determine whether using a TBL measurement protocol to individualize common channel length would be associated with reduced reoperations and complications.

Longitudinal validation of the Fear of COVID-19 Scale in a nationwide United States sample: An item response theory model across three inflection points of the pandemic.

The COVID-19 pandemic's global emergence/spread caused widespread fear. Measurement/tracking of COVID-19 fear could facilitate remediation. Despite the Fear of COVID-19 Scale (FCV-19S)'s validation in multiple languages/countries, nationwide United States (U.

National trends in distribution of underrepresented minorities within United States general surgery residency programs: A longitudinal panel study.

Background: Cultural affinity with a provider improves satisfactoriness of healthcare. We examined 2005-2019 trends in racial/ethnic diversity/inclusion within general surgery residency programs.

Methods: We triangulated 2005-2019 race/ethnicity data from Association of American Medical Colleges surveys of 4th-year medical students, the Electronic Residency Application Service, and Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education-affiliated general surgery residencies.

Intentions to receive COVID-19 vaccines in the united states: Sociodemographic factors and personal experiences with COVID-19.

Objectives: Information regarding vaccination and the association with individuals' characteristics, experiences, and information sources is important for crafting public health campaigns to maximize uptake. Our objective was to investigate factors associated with intentions for COVID-19 vaccination among a sample of U.S.

Psychometric validity and reliability of the 10- and 2-item Connor-Davidson resilience scales among a national sample of Americans responding to the Covid-19 pandemic: an item response theory analysis.

Purpose: Psychometric validity/reliability of 10-item and 2-item abbreviations of the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC-10; CD-RISC-2) was investigated via item response theory and classic approaches.

Methods: We sampled 5023 adult American participants in a June/July 2020 survey on the COVID-19 pandemic's psychological effects. Our questionnaire incorporated the CD-RISC-10 with other validated measures.

Psychological differences in adults with and without a COVID-19 diagnosis.

Background: Substantial evidence is emerging regarding the broad societal and psychological impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic, but little is known about whether infected individuals are differently affected.

Aim: We evaluated psychological differences between individuals who do vs. do not report testing positive for COVID-19.

Early psychological health outcomes among United States healthcare professionals, essential workers, and the general population during the COVID-19 pandemic: The influence of occupational status.

The primary purpose of this study was to determine variations in psychological experiences of the COVID-19 pandemic among US healthcare workers, non-healthcare essential workers, and the general population. A cross-sectional survey was conducted online from June 22, 2020 to July 5, 2020, with 5,023 participants aged 18 years and older. The prevalence of fear of COVID-19 and symptoms of depression, anxiety, and posttraumatic stress disorder were evaluated, using the Fear of COVID-19 Scale, Patient Health Questionnaire-8, Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7, and Posttraumatic Diagnostic Scale.

Impact of Patient-Reported Penicillin Allergy on Antibiotic Prophylaxis and Surgical Site Infection Among Patients Undergoing Colorectal Surgery.

Background: Surgical site infections are a major preventable source of morbidity, mortality, and increased health care expenditures after colorectal surgery. Patients with penicillin allergy may not receive the recommended preoperative antibiotics, putting them at increased risk for surgical site infections.

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the impact of patient-reported penicillin allergy on preoperative antibiotic prophylaxis and surgical site infection rates among patients undergoing major colon and rectal procedures.

Psychological Characteristics of Recipients Pretransplantation in the Dallas UtErus Transplant Study (DUETS).

Introduction: Uterus transplantation is now a viable option for fertility treatment for women with absolute uterine factor infertility. Psychological assessment is recommended as a part of the perioperative evaluation process.

Research Objective: The purpose of this study was to examine the psychological characteristics and mental health history of the 20 women who participated in the Dallas UtErus Transplant Study (DUETS) trial.

Pain management after laparoscopic appendectomy: Comparative effectiveness of innovative pre-emptive analgesia using liposomal bupivacaine.

Background: Laparoscopic appendectomy is standard of care for appendicitis in the US. Pain control that limits opioids is an important area of research given the opioid epidemic. This study examined post-appendectomy inpatient opioid use and pain scores following intraoperative use of liposomal bupivacaine (LB) versus non-liposomal bupivacaine.

Resilience, Well-being, and Empathy Among Private Practice Physicians and Advanced Practice Providers in Texas: A Structural Equation Model Study.

Objective: To investigate structural relationships of latent constructs such as occupational wellbeing, resilience, work meaningfulness, and psychological empowerment with affective and cognitive clinical empathy among a community of physicians and advanced practice providers.

Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional observational study. We gathered data by an anonymous self-administered multidimensional questionnaire disseminated electronically between March and May 2016.

Anxiety sensitivity, COVID-19 fear, and mental health: results from a United States population sample.

The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in unprecedented consequences. Transdiagnostic factors, such as anxiety sensitivity, could be an important component to understand how individuals experience COVID-19 specific fear, depression and anxiety. A US representative sample (5,023) completed measures including the Anxiety Sensitivity Index-3, the Fear of COVID-19 Scale, the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 and the Patient Health Questionnaire-8.

A systematic review and meta-analysis of surgery delays and survival in breast, lung and colon cancers: Implication for surgical triage during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Background: Thousands of cancer surgeries were delayed during the peak of the COVID-19 pandemic. This study examines if surgical delays impact survival for breast, lung and colon cancers.

Methods: PubMed/MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Library and Web of Science were searched.

Physicians' perceptions of autonomy support during transition to value-based reimbursement: A multi-center psychometric evaluation of six-item and three-item measures.

Background: Successive health system reforms have steadily eroded physician autonomy. Escalating accountability demands placed on physicians concurrent with diminishing autonomy plus widespread "cost cutting" endanger clinical work-life quality and, in turn, threaten patient-care quality, safety, and continuity. This has engendered a renewed emphasis on bettering physician work-life to safeguard patient care.

Job satisfaction and guideline adherence among physicians: Moderating effects of perceived autonomy support and job control.

Value-based purchasing of physician services aims to incentivize greater adherence to clinical practice guidelines. By increasing job demands, new reimbursement models could adversely affect job satisfaction and, indirectly, clinical performance. Studies of satisfaction-performance associations among healthcare practitioners have yielded inconsistent findings.

The work-related stressors and coping strategies of group-employed rural health care practitioners: A qualitative study.

Background: Escalating demands on practitioners, stagnating/dwindling resources, and diminishing autonomy have heightened patient-care work-related stress. Using qualitative content/thematic analysis of responses to open-ended survey questions, plus spontaneous comments, we sought to identify rural clinicians' subjective perceptions of their workplace stressors and typical adaptive/coping strategies.

Methods: Within a hybrid inductive-deductive approach, we framed empirical themes (derived by consensus, corroborated with text segments, and extant literature) into theory-based coding templates by which we analyzed the data.

The reliability and validity of three-item screening measures for burnout: Evidence from group-employed health care practitioners in upstate New York.

We investigate the psychometric validity and reliability of three-item screening measures for emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and personal achievement comprising an abbreviated version of the Maslach Burnout Inventory®. Despite its utilization in multiple studies, the shortened instrument has not been sufficiently validated in diverse settings, populations, and organizational contexts. We examine its ability to assess burnout accruing from patient care practice in a rural, underserved area.

Frequency of satisfaction and dissatisfaction with practice among rural-based, group-employed physicians and non-physician practitioners.

Background: Widespread dissatisfaction among United States (U.S.) clinicians could endanger ongoing reforms.