The potential role of the Mediterranean diet for the treatment and management of polycystic ovary syndrome: a review of the pathophysiological mechanisms and clinical evidence.

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine disorder amongst reproductive-aged women associated with cardiometabolic, reproductive and psychological abnormalities. Lifestyle modification, including a healthy diet, is considered first-line treatment for management of clinical symptoms. However, there is limited high-quality evidence to support one superior therapeutic dietary intervention for PCOS management that is beyond general population-based dietary guidelines.

Preprofessional Identity of Nutrition and Dietetics Students in Australia.

Objective: This study aimed to explore the preprofessional identity of undergraduate nutrition and dietetic students to guide curriculum development to better support the expectations of students and promote career readiness in a changing profession.

Design: Qualitative focus group discussions in March, 2021.

Setting: An Australian university.

Adherence to a Mediterranean-style diet and severity of menopausal symptoms in perimenopausal and menopausal women from Australia: a cross-sectional analysis.

Purpose: To explore the independent associations between adherence to a Mediterranean-style diet and severity of menopausal symptoms in perimenopausal and menopausal women living in Australia.

Methods: Dietary adherence was assessed using the Mediterranean Diet Adherence Screener (MEDAS), the Menopause Rating Scale (MRS) was used to assess the severity of menopausal symptoms, and the 36-item short form survey instrument (SF-36) was used to assess health-related quality of life (HRQoL).

Results: A total of n = 207 participants (50.

Adherence to a Mediterranean Diet Is Inversely Associated with Anxiety and Stress but Not Depression: A Cross-Sectional Analysis of Community-Dwelling Older Australians.

Diet quality may be an important modifiable risk factor for mental health disorders. However, these findings have been inconsistent, particularly in older adults. We explored the independent associations between adherence to a Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) and severity of symptoms related to depression, anxiety and stress in older adults from Australia.

Type and Frequency in Use of Nutraceutical and Micronutrient Supplementation for the Management of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Systematic Scoping Review.

Lifestyle strategies are considered first-line treatment for the management of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). However, complementary therapies, including nutrient supplementation, have been identified as a potential adjunct therapy. Therefore, we systematically mapped the available literature to identify the type and frequency of the use of nutraceutical and micronutrient supplementation for the management of PCOS features.

The LEISURE Study: A Longitudinal Randomized Controlled Trial Protocol for a Multi-Modal Lifestyle Intervention Study to Reduce Dementia Risk in Healthy Older Adults.

Dementia is understood to arise from a mixed etiology, enveloping chronic inflammatory and vascular impacts on the brain, driven by a constellation of modifiable risk factors which are largely mediated by lifestyle-related behaviors. These risk factors manifest over a prolonged preclinical period and account for up to 40% of the population attributable risk for dementia, representing viable targets for early interventions aimed at abating disease onset and progression. Here we outline the protocol for a 12-week randomized control trial (RCT) of a multimodal Lifestyle Intervention Study for Dementia Risk Reduction (LEISURE), with longitudinal follow-up at 6-months and 24-months post-intervention.

Adherence to a Mediterranean Diet is associated with physical and cognitive health: A cross-sectional analysis of community-dwelling older Australians.

Poor cognitive function is associated with reduced functional independence, risk of institutionalization and reduced health-related quality of life. The ability to independently perform instrumental activities of daily living (iADLs) is compromised in patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or dementia. Emerging evidence suggests that adherence to a Mediterranean diet (MedDiet), may play an important protective role against cognitive decline and dementia risk, whilst preserving functional status.

Lifestyle Strategies for the Management of Obesity in Older Adults: From Controversies to Alternative Interventions.

Improvements in infection control, management of chronic diseases and impressive advancements in modern medicine have all contributed to increases in life expectancy [...

Anti-Inflammatory Diets in Fertility: An Evidence Review.

Infertility is a global health concern affecting 48 million couples and 186 million individuals worldwide. Infertility creates a significant economic and social burden for couples who wish to conceive and has been associated with suboptimal lifestyle factors, including poor diet and physical inactivity. Modifying preconception nutrition to better adhere with Food-Based Dietary Guidelines (FBDGs) is a non-invasive and potentially effective means for improving fertility outcomes.

UniStArt: A 12-Month Prospective Observational Study of Body Weight, Dietary Intake, and Physical Activity Levels in Australian First-Year University Students.

Background: Students in the United States gain weight significantly during their first year of university, however limited data are available for Australian students. Methods: This 12-month observational study was conducted to monitor monthly body weight and composition, as well as quarterly eating behaviours, dietary intake, physical activity, sedentary behaviours, and basal metabolic rate changes amongst first-year Australian university students. Participants were first-year university students over 18 years.

Efficacy, Feasibility and Acceptability of a Mediterranean Diet Intervention on Hormonal, Metabolic and Anthropometric Measures in Overweight and Obese Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: Study Protocol.

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine condition in reproductive-aged women associated with metabolic, reproductive and psychological features. Lifestyle modification (diet/physical activity) is considered first-line treatment for PCOS. However, there is limited high-quality evidence to support therapeutic dietary interventions for PCOS beyond general population-based healthy eating guidelines.

Impact of the Mediterranean Dietary pattern on n-3 fatty acid tissue levels-A systematic review.

Introduction: The Mediterranean Diet (MedDiet) is described as a plant-based dietary pattern with adherence associated with reductions in chronic disease risk and longevity. Although the nutrient profile is diverse and complex, the MedDiet is often described as a rich source of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) derived from fish, seafood and nuts. However, whether MedDiet adherence results in appreciable increases in tissue levels of n-3 PUFAs is yet to be systematically investigated.

Association of Adherence to a Mediterranean Diet with Excess Body Mass, Muscle Strength and Physical Performance in Overweight or Obese Adults with or without Type 2 Diabetes: Two Cross-Sectional Studies.

Overweight and obesity in older adults is associated with disability and is exacerbated by the presence of type 2 diabetes (T2DM). There is emerging evidence that adherence to a Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) reduces adiposity and attenuates physical disability. These cross-sectional studies explored the associations of adherence to a MedDiet with body mass index (BMI), adiposity, muscle strength, and physical performance in older adults without diabetes and in middle-aged or older adults with T2DM.

Adherence to a Mediterranean diet and health-related quality of life: a cross-sectional analysis of overweight and obese middle-aged and older adults with and without type 2 diabetes mellitus.

The relationship between adherence to a Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) is unclear, particularly in vulnerable older adults. This cross-sectional analysis explored the association between adherence to a MedDiet and subscales of HRQoL in two independent cohorts of overweight and obese middle-aged to older adults with and without type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Both cohorts were community-dwelling (T2DM aged ≥ 50 years; non-T2DM aged ≥ 60 years) with a BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2.

Lower body extremity function is associated with health-related quality of life: a cross-sectional analysis of overweight and obese older adults with and without type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Purpose: We aimed to explore the relationship between characteristics of the sarcopenic phenotype and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in community-dwelling overweight and obese older adults with and without type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

Methods: Appendicular lean mass (ALM), corrected for height (ALM/m) was assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Muscle strength was assessed using handgrip strength (HGS), and lower extremity physical function was assessed using the Short Performance Physical Battery (SPPB) and gait speed.

Protein intake is not associated with functional biomarkers of physical frailty: A cross-sectional analysis of community-dwelling older adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Background And Aim: Frailty has emerged as a third category of complication in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). It has been suggested that adequate protein intake is an important dietary strategy for counteracting frailty. Therefore, we explored the association between protein intake and functional biomarkers of frailty in older adults with T2DM.

Understanding the Self-Perceived Barriers and Enablers toward Adopting a Mediterranean Diet in Australia: An Application of the Theory of Planned Behaviour Framework.

The transferability of a Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) in non-Mediterranean populations is appealing. However, little is known about the perceived enablers or barriers toward adherence, particularly in Australia. This study aimed to investigate the perceived beliefs, barriers, and enablers toward adherence to a MedDiet in Australian adults.

Diagnostic differences and agreement between the original and revised European Working Group (EWGSOP) consensus definition for sarcopenia in community-dwelling older adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Aim: We aimed to compare diagnostic differences for identification of sarcopenia using the original operational definition developed by the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People (EWGSOP1) and the most recently revised EWGSOP2 definition in community dwelling older adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

Methods: Appendicular Lean Mass (ALM) corrected for height (ALM/m) was assessed by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. Muscle strength was assessed using hand-grip strength (HGS) or chair stands, and the Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) and gait speed were used to evaluate lower extremity physical function.

Adiposity is inversely associated with strength in older adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Background And Purpose: Several biological mechanisms describing the pathway to mobility disability and functional decline in older adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) have been postulated, including skeletal muscle atrophy and the concurrent accumulation of fat mass. Therefore, we explored the association between adiposity, muscle strength and physical performance in community-dwelling older adults with T2DM.

Methods: Adiposity was measured by waist circumference (WC) or body fat percentage (BF %) derived from dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA).

Translation of a Mediterranean-Style Diet into the Australian Dietary Guidelines: A Nutritional, Ecological and Environmental Perspective.

A Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) has been widely investigated and promoted as one of the 'healthiest' dietary patterns with respect to reductions in chronic disease risk and longevity. Moreover, it also emphasizes a plant-based dietary pattern consistent with an environmentally sustainable healthy reference diet conveyed by the EAT-Lancet Commission report. Nevertheless, the MedDiet does not exclude, but rather moderates consumption of animal-based foods, and therefore has emerged as a dietary pattern that could address both health and environmental concerns.

Greater adherence to a Mediterranean Diet is associated with better gait speed in older adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Background & Aims: Older adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are vulnerable to the physical frailty phenotype. Adherence to a Mediterranean Diet (MedDiet) is emerging as a potential dietary strategy to attenuate physical disability with age. This cross-sectional analysis aimed to explore the association between adherence to a MedDiet and characteristics of the physical frailty phenotype in older adults with T2DM.

Differences in the interpretation of a modernized Mediterranean diet prescribed in intervention studies for the management of type 2 diabetes: how closely does this align with a traditional Mediterranean diet?

Purpose And Methods: Adherence to Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) is associated with the prevention and management of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, in intervention studies, there is discordance in the interpretation of a MedDiet. The purpose of this paper was to examine, synthesize, and develop a narrative review, exploring the qualitative differences in the interpretation of a modernized MedDiet prescribed as an intervention in clinical trials for the management of T2DM, and how closely this aligns with a traditional MedDiet.