Predictive and prognostic relevance of immunohistochemical testing of estrogen and progesterone receptors in breast cancer in South East Nigeria: A review of 417 cases.

ER/PgR testing are now routinely performed in breast cancer evaluation in Southeastern Nigeria. ER is predictive to show beneficiaries of hormonal therapy and a prognostic marker to establish tumors that will resist paclitaxel induced apoptosis so a cost effective combination of anthracylines can be used as treatment in our low resource setting thus improving survival, reducing recurrence, and cost. Four hundred seventeen cases of breast cancer seen over a period of 3 years were routinely tested for ER/PgR.

Comparing Objective Structured Clinical Examinations and Traditional Clinical Examinations in the Summative Evaluation of Final-Year Medical Students.

Background: Medical schools have traditionally assessed medical students using long and short cases. Objective structured clinical examination (OSCE) has been found to be more reliable.

Aim: To compare OSCE and traditional method of assessment in the summative assessment of final-year medical students.

A case of vulval swelling secondary to female circumcision posing a diagnostic dilemma.

Introduction: The practice of FGM is most prevalent in the African countries such as Nigeria, Ethiopia, Sudan, Egypt, and some area of the Middle East. It is not restricted to any ethnic, religious or socioeconomic class. There are many reasons for perpetuation of this practice; the most common are cultural and religious beliefs.

Impact of urbanization on obesity, anthropometric profile and blood pressure in the Igbos of Nigeria.

Background: Hypertension in developing setting is often attributed to westernization of life style and stresses of urbanization, some of these increases have been noted in Nigeria.

Aim: This is a study on rural-urban differences on the blood pressure, obesity and anthropometrics among a major ethnic group in Nigeria.

Patients And Method: A total of 325 men and 242 women aged 20 to 80 years, of the Igbo ethnicity were selected for this study.

Retained intra-abdominal artery forceps - An unusual cause of intestinal strangulation.

Context: Surgical instruments and materials continue to be retained in the peritoneal cavity despite precautionary measures. Even though uncommon it is also under-reported and carries serious medico-legal consequences. Gauzes and sponges (gossypiboma) are the most commonly retained materials and intra-abdominal retained artery forceps are much rarer but when they do occur lead to chronic abdominal pain and can be a rare cause of intestinal obstruction or strangulation with significant morbidity and mortality.

Impact of education on obesity and blood pressure in developing countries: A study on the Ibos of Nigeria.

Background: Increase in the prevalence of hypertension, obesity and obesity related diseases has become significant cause of disability and premature death in both developing and newly developed countries, with over bearing demand on national health budgets.

Aim: To evaluate the impact of various levels of education on obesity and blood pressure.

Materials And Method: 325 male and 254 female Nigerians of ages 20-80 years of the Ibo ethnicity through random sampling, were selected for this study.