Cell invasion, RAGE expression, and inflammation in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) cells exposed to e-cigarette flavoring.

Objective: Electronic cigarettes have given rise to a new, largely unregulated market within the smoking industry. While generally supposed to be less harmful than traditional tobacco smoke, awareness of the biological effects of electronic cigarette liquid is still scarce. Our objective was to determine the impact of electronic cigarette flavoring and nicotine on gingival squamous cell carcinoma invasion, RAGE expression, and the elaboration of pro-inflammatory molecules.