Chemical dispersant potentiates crude oil impacts on growth, reproduction, and gene expression in Caenorhabditis elegans.

The economic, environmental, and human health impacts of the deepwater horizon (DWH) oil spill have been of significant concern in the general public and among scientists. This study employs parallel experiments to test the effects of crude oil from the DWH oil well, chemical dispersant Corexit 9500A, and dispersant-oil mixture on growth and reproduction in the model organism Caenorhabditis elegans. Both the crude oil and the dispersant significantly inhibited the reproduction of C.

Expanded range and new host species of Mycobacterium shottsii and M. pseudoshottsii.

Mycobacterium shottsii and M. pseudoshottsii are recently described mycobacteria commonly isolated from Chesapeake Bay striped bass Morone saxatilis. However, their distribution in striped bass outside of the Chesapeake region and their ability to infect alternative hosts have not been described.

Interventions in chronic pain management. 6. Interventional approaches to chronic pain management.

Unlabelled: This self-directed learning module highlights strategies for interventional treatments for chronic pain disorders. It is part of the chapter on chronic pain in the Self-Directed Physiatric Education Program for practitioners in physical medicine and rehabilitation. Specifically, the first module reviews an interventional protocol for recalcitrant buttock and hip pain.

Interventions in chronic pain management. 5. Approaches to medication and lifestyle in chronic pain syndromes.

Unlabelled: This self-directed learning module first reviews the importance of weight management and smoking cessation in the treatment of axial low back pain and then describes the use of medication in complex regional pain syndrome and trigeminal neuralgia. It is part of the chapter on chronic pain in the Self-Directed Physiatric Education Program for practitioners in physical medicine and rehabilitation. The first objective explores the correlation of tobacco usage and obesity with lower back pain.

Interventions in chronic pain management. 4. Monitoring progress and compliance in chronic pain management.

Unlabelled: This self-directed learning module highlights the monitoring of progress and compliance in chronic pain management. It is part of the chapter on chronic pain in the Self-Directed Physiatric Education Program for practitioners in physical medicine and rehabilitation. Specifically, the first module focuses on the use of pain rating scales to monitor progress, and the second and third learning objectives focus on evaluating abuse potential and interpreting drug screens.

Interventions in chronic pain management. 3. Evaluation and management of lumbar pain syndromes.

Unlabelled: This self-directed learning module highlights approaches to the investigation of selected lumbar spine conditions. It is part of the chapter on chronic pain management in the Self-Directed Physiatric Education Program for practitioners in physical medicine and rehabilitation. The first objective explores the diagnostic evaluation for groin and buttock pain in a 66-year-old man with pain during ambulation.

Interventions in chronic pain management. 2. Diagnosis of cervical and thoracic pain syndromes.

Unlabelled: This self-directed learning module highlights approaches to the investigation of common cervical and thoracic conditions. It is part of the chapter on chronic pain management in the Self-Directed Physiatric Education Program for practitioners in physical medicine and rehabilitation. The differential diagnosis of cervical and thoracic syndromes as well as cervicogenic headache is reviewed.

Interventions in chronic pain management. 1. Update on important definitions in pain management.

Unlabelled: This self-directed learning module highlights definitions used in pain management. It is part of the chapter on chronic pain management in the Self-Directed Physiatric Education Program for practitioners in physical medicine and rehabilitation. Terms that describe pain and narcotic use that are frequently used and misused are reviewed.

Electrical stimulation induced cervical medial branch referral patterns.

Study Design: Electrical stimulation of the right cervical medial branches with or without the third occipital nerves was performed in nine subjects for a total of forty-eight medial branches and eight third occipital nerves. The referral patterns of each nerve or nerve branch was mapped on a human line diagram. These diagrams were compared to facet joint (zygapophyseal joint, facet joint), myofascial, and discogenic referral patterns already published by various authors.