In vitro activity of delafloxacin against clinical levofloxacin-resistant Helicobacter pylori isolates.

Background: Increasing antibiotic resistance in Helicobacter pylori necessitates research on new active molecules. In 2017, delafloxacin, a new fluoroquinolone with chemical properties of activity under acidic conditions, was approved for treatment of community-acquired bacterial pneumonia and acute bacterial skin and soft-tissue infections. Mutations in gyrA are responsible for fluoroquinolone resistance, but certain clinical isolates of H.

Bacteremia due to Lachnoanaerobaculum umeaense in a patient with acute myeloid leukemia during chemotherapy: A case report, and a review of the literature.

The present case reports a bacteremia due to Lachnoanaerobaculum umeaense (a Gram-positive, filamentous, rod-shaped, anaerobic, spore-forming bacillus present in the human oral microbiota) in a patient treated for acute myeloid leukemia. After failed identification by MALDI-TOF, identification was done by sequencing of 16s rRNA. The patient was successfully treated with Amoxicillin-clavulanic acid and ciprofloxacin for seven days.

The First Lethal Infection by : A Case Report and Review of the Literature.

is a Gram-negative bacillus, a member of the family, that had never previously been reported as lethal. Herein, a case of fatal infection caused by in an elderly woman with suspected bladder cancer is reported. The species identification was confirmed through Sanger sequencing of the bacterial 16S rRNA sequence and compared to published sequences for phylogenetic analysis.

K1 Antigen Is Associated with Different AST Profile in : A One-Month-Long Pilot Study.

is responsible for diseases of varying severity. The "K" antigen designates the capsular polysaccharides on the bacterial surface, which are mostly similar to those of highly pathogenic bacteria. The K1 antigen is often found in pathogenic .

First description of bacteremia caused by Oscillibacter valericigenes in a patient hospitalized for leg amputation.

Initially isolated from the alimentary canal of a Japanese corbicula clam, Oscillibacter valericigenes is a Gram-negative rod, of which culture remains very difficult. Herein we present the first case of bacteremia due to Oscillibacter valericigenes, in humans. A 55-year-old man was hospitalized for clinical management of multiple neglected leg wounds (colonized with maggots) that had occurred during a motorcycle accident.

Diagnostic Accuracy of a Noninvasive Test for Detection of Helicobacter pylori and Resistance to Clarithromycin in Stool by the Amplidiag H. pylori+ClariR Real-Time PCR Assay.

The noninvasive detection of and its resistance to clarithromycin could revolutionize the management of -infected patients by tailoring eradication treatment without any need for endoscopy when histology is not necessary. Several real-time PCR tests performed on stools have been proposed, but their performances were either poor or they were tested on too few patients to be properly evaluated. We conducted a prospective, multicenter study including 1,200 adult patients who were addressed for gastroduodenal endoscopy with gastric biopsies and who were naive for eradication treatment in order to evaluate the performance of the Amplidiag +ClariR assay recently developed by Mobidiag (Espoo, Finland).

Postoperative Radiation After Radical Prostatectomy.

A total of 3 randomized clinical trials have demonstrated a significant clinical benefit with adjuvant radiation in patients with high-risk prostate cancer after radical prostatectomy, with each showing improved biochemical control outcomes, and one trial (SWOG 8794) also demonstrating increased overall survival. How broadly these results have informed clinical practice has evolved over time, given the widespread availability of ultrasensitive prostate-specific antigen level testing and increased awareness that the high-risk patients are not a uniform cohort. In this review, we discuss the evidence from published and ongoing trials as well as current controversies, focusing on unanswered questions such as when postoperative radiation should be offered and whether the inclusion of androgen-deprivation therapy improves clinical outcomes.

Workflow efficiency for the treatment planning process in CT-guided high-dose-rate brachytherapy for cervical cancer.

Purpose: To investigate process efficiency, we present a prospective investigation of the treatment planning phase of image-guided brachytherapy (BT) for cervical cancer using a specific checklist.

Methods And Materials: From October 2012 to January 2014, 76 BT procedures were consecutively performed. Prospective data on the CT-based treatment planning process was collected using a specific checklist which details the following steps: (1) dosimetry planning, (2) physician review start, (3) physician review time, (4) dosimetry processing, (5) physics review start, (6) physics review, and (7) procedural pause.

The Role of Image-guided Radiotherapy in the Treatment of Anorectal Cancer Using Prone Belly-board Positioning.

Aim: To evaluate Radiation Therapy Oncology Group planning target volume margins of 7-10 mm for radiation therapy in anorectal cancer using prone belly-board positioning without image guidance.

Patients And Methods: 375 kV cone beam computed tomography image-guided radiotherapy (IGRT) images from 20 patients treated for anorectal cancer were retrospectively analyzed for setup shifts. We calculated the total translational shift for each patient and the frequency with which setup shifts exceeded 7 mm and 10 mm.

Prospective evaluation of patient satisfaction after the use of brachytherapy specific educational materials for cervical cancer.

Background: Cervical cancer patients are faced with an enormous amount of medical information in a complex oncology field with sophisticated treatments including brachytherapy. We investigated the use of enhanced vs. standard brachytherapy-specific educational materials on patient-reported satisfaction during the informed consent process for intracavitary high-dose-rate brachytherapy.

Functional and quality-of-life outcomes after reirradiation for head and neck cancer.

Objectives/hypothesis: To examine functional and quality-of-life outcomes for patients treated by reirradiation to the head and neck for recurrent or new primary cancers.

Study Design: Retrospective review.

Methods: The University of Washington Quality of Life Instrument (UW-QOL) scores were reviewed with swallow evaluations for 17 patients with biopsy-proven recurrent or new primary squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck treated with reirradiation who were clinically without evidence of disease at a minimum follow-up of 1 year.

Comparison of daily versus nondaily image-guided radiotherapy protocols for patients treated with intensity-modulated radiotherapy for head and neck cancer.

Background: The purpose of this study was to determine the feasibility of nondaily image-guided radiotherapy (RT) strategies with intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) for head and neck cancer.

Methods: Alignment data was analyzed from 103 consecutive patients treated by IMRT for head and neck cancer who had undergone daily imaging with onboard mega-voltage CT (MVCT), resulting in 3275 images. Geometric setup errors that would have occurred using less-than-daily imaging were hypothetically estimated for 4 temporal less-than-daily image-guided RT protocols.

On the formation of conjugated linoleic acid diagnostic ions with acetonitrile chemical ionization tandem mass spectrometry.

Acetonitrile chemical ionization tandem mass spectrometry has recently been shown to be a rapid method for the identification of double-bond position and geometry in methyl esters of conjugated linoleic acids (CLAs); however, the structures of intermediate and diagnostic ions and their mechanisms of formation are not known. A mechanism is proposed here in which the m/z 54 ion, (1-methyleneimino)-1-ethenylium (MIE), undergoes nucleophilic attack preferentially by the cis double bond in CLAs with mixed geometry (cis/trans, trans/cis), favoring the observed C--C cleavage vinylic to the trans double bond. The [M+54](+) addition product intermediate is consistent with a heterocyclic six-membered ring resulting from the two-step addition of MIE to the CLA.

Identification and characterization of conjugated fatty acid methyl esters of mixed double bond geometry by acetonitrile chemical ionization tandem mass spectrometry.

Fatty acids with conjugated double bonds have attracted great interest because of their reported potent bioactivities. However, there are currently no rapid methods for their structural characterization. We report here a convenient mass spectrometry-based strategy to establish double bond geometry by analysis of collisional dissociation products of cis/trans and trans/cis conjugated linoleic acids (CLAs), as methyl esters, and to distinguish CLAs from homoallylic (methylene-interrupted) fatty acids in a single-stage mass spectrum.

Double bond localization in minor homoallylic fatty acid methyl esters using acetonitrile chemical ionization tandem mass spectrometry.

Double bond position in natural fatty acids is critical to biochemical properties, however, common instrument-based methods cannot locate double bonds in fatty acid methyl esters (FAME), the predominant analysis form of fatty acids. A recently described mass spectrometry (MS) method for locating double bonds in FAME is reported here for the analysis of minor (<1%) components of real FAME mixtures derived from three natural sources; golden algae (Schizochytrium sp.), primate brain white matter, and transgenic mouse liver.

Straight-chain acyl-CoA oxidase knockout mouse accumulates extremely long chain fatty acids from alpha-linolenic acid: evidence for runaway carousel-type enzyme kinetics in peroxisomal beta-oxidation diseases.

Extremely long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (ELCPs) with >24 carbons and four or more double bonds are normally found in excitatory tissues but have no known function, and are greatly increased in brain and other tissues of humans with peroxisomal disorders. Straight-chain acyl-CoA oxidase (AOX) catalyzes the first, rate-limiting step of peroxisomal beta-oxidation of very-long-chain saturated and unsaturated fatty acids. We have studied the polyunsaturated fatty acid metabolism of AOX knockout mice (AOX-/- as a model of human AOX deficiency (pseudo-neonatal adrenoleukodystrophy), and as a genetic tool to test the putative peroxisomal beta-oxidation involvement in polyunsaturated fatty acid synthesis.

Enzymatic decarboxylation of tyrosine and phenylalanine to enhance volatility for high-precision isotopic analysis.

We present a rapid and selective method to increase the volatility of tyrosine and phenylalanine without adding derivative C for high-precision gas chromatography-continuous-flow isotope ratio mass spectrometry (GCC-IRMS) based on enzymatic decarboxylation to yield alkylamines and evaluated for 15N isotopic integrity. Purified tyrosine and phenylalanine were converted to tyramine and phenethylamine by tyrosine and phenylalanine decarboxylases, respectively. GC separation was achieved using a thick stationary phase (5-microm) capillary column.