Same calls, different meanings: Acoustic communication of Holocentridae.

The literature on sound production behaviours in fish in the wild is quite sparse. In several taxa, associations between different sound types and given behaviours have been reported. In the Holocentridae, past nomenclature of the different sound types (knocks, growls, grunts, staccatos and thumps) has been confusing because it relies on the use of several terms that are not always based on fine descriptions.

Production of sounds by squirrelfish during symbiotic relationships with cleaner wrasses.

Examples of symbiotic relationships often include cleaning mutualisms, typically involving interactions between cleaner fish and other fish, called the clients. While these cleaners can cooperate by removing ectoparasites from their clients, they can also deceive by feeding on client mucus, a behavior usually referred to as "cheating behavior" that often leads to a discernible jolt from the client fish. Despite extensive studies of these interactions, most research has focused on the visual aspects of the communication.