Pulmonary silicosis in 2 rock hyraxes, and literature review.

Two rock hyraxes (), from the Chattanooga Zoo, were submitted separately for autopsy at the University of Tennessee Veterinary Medical Center. The first was a 4-y-old intact female that died without premonitory signs and the second was a 10-y-old intact male that was euthanized because of severe renal disease. Microscopically, the lungs of both hyraxes had multifocal-to-coalescing, <1-mm diameter aggregates of epithelioid macrophages separated by streams of fibrous tissue.

Agreement between oscillometric and direct blood pressure measurements in anesthetized captive chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes).

Objective: To evaluate the level of agreement (LOA) between direct and oscillometric blood pressure (BP) measurements and the ability of oscillometric measurements to accurately detect hypotension in anesthetized chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes).

Animals: 8 captive, adult chimpanzees.

Procedures: During prescheduled annual examinations, each chimpanzee underwent general anesthesia and patient monitoring for their examination, echocardiography for a concurrent study, and measurement of direct BP with the use of tibial artery catheterization and oscillometry with the use of a cuff placed around a brachium and a cuff placed around the second digit of the contralateral forelimb for the present study.

ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY AND DIRECT ARTERIAL BLOOD PRESSURE MEASUREMENT IN CAPTIVE CHIMPANZEES () DURING TWO PHASES OF AN ANESTHETIC PROTOCOL.

The effects of α-2 agonists on echocardiographic findings in great apes are not well documented, and knowledge of these effects would expand the understanding of cardiac examinations of chimpanzees under anesthesia with protocols using these drugs. Ten adult chimpanzees (), four males and six females, underwent echocardiographic examinations after anesthesia with dexmedetomidine, midazolam, and ketamine (phase 1). Four animals required isoflurane to achieve an adequate plane of anesthesia.

EFFICACY AND SAFETY OF CHLORAMPHENICOL TREATMENT FOR IN HELLBENDERS ().

Thirteen wild-caught hellbenders () were treated for with continuous chloramphenicol baths at concentrations of 20 mg/L for 14 days and 200 mg/L for 14 days. Clinical signs and deaths continued after treatment with 20 mg/L chloramphenicol but ceased after treatment with 200 mg/L chloramphenicol. No evidence of toxicity was found on hematologic tests, necropsy, or histopathologic examination.

POTENTIAL FOR ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAPHIC MONITORING OF ANESTHETIC DEPTH IN CAPTIVE CHIMPANZEES () USING A NOVEL BRAIN FUNCTION MONITOR.

The electroencephalogram (EEG) waveform can predictably change with depth of anesthesia, and algorithms such as the Patient State index (PSi) have been developed to convert the waveform into a user-friendly objective reading of anesthetic depth. In this study, PSi values were measured in 10 captive chimpanzees () during three phases of an anesthetic event. Phase 1 included sedation with dexmedetomidine, midazolam, and ketamine.

CLINICOPATHOLOGICAL FEATURES OF TOXOPLASMOSIS IN FOUR RED PANDAS ().

Two geriatric red pandas () over a 4-yr period presented with vague clinical signs including anorexia, lethargy, and difficulty ambulating. Treatment protocols using enrofloxacin, steroids, and clindamycin were unsuccessful. Necropsy examination confirmed disseminated toxoplasmosis infection in these cases, and a modified agglutination test had been positive for a prolonged period of time before one panda showed signs of disease.

TREATMENT OF SUSPECTED EXERTIONAL MYOPATHY USING DANTROLENE IN A COYOTE ( CANIS LATRANS).

  A 3-yr-old spayed female coyote ( Canis latrans) developed clinical signs of exertional myopathy after fighting with a conspecific. A diagnosis of exertional myopathy was made based on physical examination findings, probable myoglobinuria, and elevations in serum creatinine kinase activity, alanine aminotransferase activity, and potassium concentration. Dantrolene, a hydantoin analog, as well as supportive and symptomatic therapies, was used to successfully treat exertional myopathy.