High- Versus Low-Energy Intertrochanteric Hip Fractures in Young Patients: Injury Characteristics and Factors Associated With Complications.

Objective: To compare fracture patterns and associated injuries for young patients with high- versus low-energy intertrochanteric hip fractures and to report on factors associated with complications after surgical fixation of high-energy fractures.

Design: Retrospective comparative study.

Setting: Academic Level 1 Trauma Center.

Outcomes After Acute Versus Staged Fixation of Complete Articular Tibial Plafond Fractures.

Objective: To determine the outcomes after acute versus staged fixation of complete articular tibial plafond fractures.

Design: Retrospective cohort study.

Setting: Single Level 1 Trauma center.

"Unstable" Pediatric Femoral Shaft Fractures Treated With Flexible Elastic Nails Have Few Complications.

Objectives: To determine our complication rate in pediatric femoral shaft fractures treated with flexible elastic nailing and to determine fracture characteristics that may predict complications.

Design: Retrospective cohort study.

Setting: One Level 1 and One Level 2 academic trauma centers.

Quality of Reduction of Displaced Intra-articular Calcaneal Fractures Using a Sinus Tarsi Versus Extensile Lateral Approach.

Objective: To evaluate the difference in the quality of fracture reduction between the sinus tarsi approach (STA) and extensile lateral approach (ELA) using postoperative Computed Tomography (CT) scans in displaced intra-articular calcaneal fractures (DIACFs).

Design: Retrospective.

Setting: Level 1 and level 2 academic centers.

Patella fractures treated with cannulated lag screws and fiberwire® have a high union rate and low rate of implant removal.

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to report the results of open reduction internal fixation of patella fractures (OTA 34 A-C) using cannulated lag screws and FiberWire® (Arthrex, Naples, FL, USA) with regard to union and symptomatic implant removal.

Design: Retrospective review of prospectively collected database.

Setting: Urban Level 1 trauma center and Level 2 trauma center METHODS: All displaced intra-articular patella fractures (OTA 34 A-C) treated with ORIF by cannulated lag screws and FiberWire® tension band/cerclage between January 1, 2009 and August 1, 2018.

Multidose prophylactic IV antibiotics do not lower the risk of surgical site infection for isolated closed ankle fractures.

Objectives: To compare the surgical site infection (SSI) rates in ankle fracture patients receiving either single preoperative intravenous (IV) dose (SD) or multidose 24 hours IV postoperative (MD) perioperative IV antibiotic prophylaxis.

Design: Retrospective case-control study.

Setting: Level I Trauma Center.

Symptomatic Iliosacral Screw Removal After Pelvic Trauma-Incidence and Clinical Impact.

Objective: To calculate the incidence of symptomatic iliosacral (SI) screw removal following pelvic trauma and to determine the clinical impact of the secondary intervention.

Design: Retrospective chart review.

Setting: Level 1 and Level 2 trauma centers.

Orthopaedic Watercraft Injuries: Characterization of Mechanisms, Fractures, and Complications in 216 Injuries.

Objective: To review the orthopaedic injuries from watercraft treated surgically at our institution and report the mechanisms, fractures, and complications encountered.

Design: Retrospective case series.

Setting: Level I trauma center.

Cephalomedullary Nail Fixation of Intertrochanteric Femur Fractures: Are Two Proximal Screws Better Than One?

Objectives: To analyze radiographic changes in intertrochanteric (IT) fracture alignment after treatment with either a single sliding lag screw or an integrated compressed and locked, dual screw, cephalomedullary nail construct.

Design: Retrospective comparative study.

Setting: Level 1 regional trauma center.

Anterior-Inferior Plating Results in Fewer Secondary Interventions Compared to Superior Plating for Acute Displaced Midshaft Clavicle Fractures.

Objectives: To determine whether a difference in plate position for fixation of acute, displaced, midshaft clavicle fractures would affect the rate of secondary intervention.

Design: Retrospective Comparative Study.

Setting: Two academic Level 1 Regional Trauma Centers.

Suprapatellar Versus Infrapatellar Tibial Nail Insertion: A Prospective Randomized Control Pilot Study.

Purpose: The purpose of this OTA-approved pilot study was to compare the clinical and functional outcomes of the knee joint after infrapatellar (IP) versus suprapatellar (SP) tibial nail insertion.

Design: Prospective, randomized.

Setting: Level I trauma center.

Clinical and Serologic Response to the 23-valent Polysaccharide Pneumococcal Vaccine in Children and Teens with Recurrent Upper Respiratory Tract Infections and Selective Antibody Deficiency.

We report the clinical and serological response of 72 children and adolescents after immunization with the 23-valent polysaccharide pneumococcal vaccine (PPV23). All had been diagnosed with recurrent upper respiratory tract infections and low antipneumococcal immunity. Forty-five (62%) of these patients had received PCV7, the 7-serotype pneumococcal conjugated vaccine (Prevnar7).

Vaccine-associated paralytic poliomyelitis and BCG-osis in an immigrant child with severe combined immunodeficiency syndrome - Texas, 2013.

Poliovirus transmission has been eliminated in most of the world through the use of inactivated poliovirus vaccine (IPV) and live, attenuated oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV). In the United States, use of OPV was discontinued by the year 2000 because of the potential for vaccine-associated paralytic polio (VAPP); an average of eight cases were reported each year in the United States during 1980-2000. Polio eradication efforts in other parts of the world continue to rely on OPV to take advantage of transmission of poliovirus vaccine strains to unvaccinated persons in the population, lower cost, and ease of administration.

Newborn screening for severe combined immunodeficiency in 11 screening programs in the United States.

Importance: Newborn screening for severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) using assays to detect T-cell receptor excision circles (TRECs) began in Wisconsin in 2008, and SCID was added to the national recommended uniform panel for newborn screened disorders in 2010. Currently 23 states, the District of Columbia, and the Navajo Nation conduct population-wide newborn screening for SCID. The incidence of SCID is estimated at 1 in 100,000 births.

Wound complications associated with bone morphogenetic protein-2 in orthopaedic trauma surgery.

Objective: To document the incidence of postoperative wound complications associated with the use of rhBMP-2 in a large series of patients for both acute traumatic and reconstructive extremity cases.

Design: Retrospective chart and radiographic review.

Setting: Level I trauma center.

Risk factors influencing antibody responses to Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus latent and lytic antigens in patients under antiretroviral therapy.

Background: Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) seropositivity and lytic antibody titer are predictors for Kaposi's sarcoma.

Methods: We examined demographic, viral, and immunologic factors that influence KSHV latent and lytic antibodies in HIV-infected patients.

Results: Detection rate of KSHV latent but not lytic antibodies was lower in patients with CD4 cells/mm3 less than 200 than greater than 200 (odds ratio [OR], 0.

Clamp-assisted reduction of high subtrochanteric fractures of the femur: surgical technique.

Background: Subtrochanteric fractures can be a treatment challenge. The substantial forces that this region experiences and the fact that the proximal fragment is frequently displaced make accurate reduction and internal fixation difficult. The purpose of this study was to evaluate a series of patients who had undergone clamp-assisted reduction and intramedullary nail fixation to determine the impact of this technique on fracture union rates and reduction quality.

Immune competency of a hairless mouse strain for improved preclinical studies in genetically engineered mice.

Genetically engineered mouse models (GEMM) of cancer are of increasing value to preclinical therapeutics. Optical imaging is a cost-effective method of assessing deep-seated tumor growth in GEMMs whose tumors can be encoded to express luminescent or fluorescent reporters, although reporter signal attenuation would be improved if animals were fur-free. In this study, we sought to determine whether hereditable furlessness resulting from a hypomorphic mutation in the Hairless gene would or would not also affect immune competence.

Maintenance of immune tolerance to a neo-self acetylcholine receptor antigen with aging: implications for late-onset autoimmunity.

Age-related changes in immune regulation are likely to account for the age-associated increase in serum autoantibody levels and in certain autoimmune disorders, such as myasthenia gravis (MG). To demonstrate directly a loss of immune tolerance in older individuals, responses to the acetylcholine receptor, the autoantigen in MG, were assessed in transgenic mice expressing the Torpedo californica acetylcholine receptor (TAChR) alpha-chain as a neo-self Ag. T cells from young transgenic mice had been shown to be tolerant to p146-162, the TAChR alpha-chain peptide that dominated young nontransgenic T cell responses in vitro.