Improvements in Fast Mass Microscopy for Large-Area Samples.

Mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) is a technique that analyzes the chemical information and spatial distribution of surface analytes. Most MSI studies are conducted in microprobe mode, in which a mass spectrum is collected for each pixel to create a mass image. Thus, the spatial resolution, sample imaging area, and imaging speed are linked.

Processing Next-Generation Mass Spectrometry Imaging Data: Principal Component Analysis at Scale.

Mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) is constantly improving in spatial resolving power, throughput and mass resolution. Although beneficial, these improvements increase data set size and content. The larger data requires correspondingly fast computer-based analyses.

The Application of a Random Forest Classifier to ToF-SIMS Imaging Data.

Time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS) imaging is a potent analytical tool that provides spatially resolved chemical information on surfaces at the microscale. However, the hyperspectral nature of ToF-SIMS datasets can be challenging to analyze and interpret. Both supervised and unsupervised machine learning (ML) approaches are increasingly useful to help analyze ToF-SIMS data.

Effectiveness of Back care education Programme among school children: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials.

Study Design: Systematic review of Randomised controlled trials.

Objectives: With the increasing incidence of back pain among children and its untold implications to their future, back education tailored in an effective way would be indicated. However literature appears unsettled.

Recognition of Mosquito Saliva Protein LTRIN by the Human Receptor LTβR for Controlling the Immune Response.

Salivary proteins from mosquitoes have received significant attention lately due to their potential to develop therapeutic treatments or vaccines for mosquito-borne diseases. Here, we report the characterization of LTRIN (lymphotoxin beta receptor inhibitor), a salivary protein known to enhance the pathogenicity of ZIKV by interrupting the LTβR-initiated NF-κB signaling pathway and, therefore, diminish the immune responses. We demonstrated that the truncated C-terminal LTRIN (ΔLTRIN) is a dimeric protein with a stable alpha helix-dominant secondary structure, which possibly aids in withstanding the temperature fluctuations during blood-feeding events.

Ultrahigh-Mass Resolution Mass Spectrometry Imaging with an Orbitrap Externally Coupled to a High-Performance Data Acquisition System.

Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI) mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) is a powerful analytical tool that enables molecular sample analysis while simultaneously providing the spatial context of hundreds or even thousands of analytes. However, because of the lack of a separation step prior to ionization and the immense diversity of biomolecules, such as lipids, including numerous isobaric species, the coupling of ultrahigh mass resolution (UHR) with MSI presents one way in which this complexity can be resolved at the spectrum level. Until now, UHR MSI platforms have been restricted to Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (FT-ICR) mass spectrometers.

An Orbitrap/Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometer for Photofragment Ion Imaging and High-Resolution Mass Analysis of Native Macromolecular Assemblies.

We discuss the design, development, and evaluation of an Orbitrap/time-of-flight (TOF) mass spectrometry (MS)-based instrument with integrated UV photodissociation (UVPD) and time/mass-to-charge ratio (/)-resolved imaging for the comprehensive study of the higher-order molecular structure of macromolecular assemblies (MMAs). A bespoke TOF analyzer has been coupled to the higher-energy collisional dissociation cell of an ultrahigh mass range hybrid quadrupole-Orbitrap MS. A 193 nm excimer laser was employed to photofragment MMA ions.

A Multimodal SIMS/MALDI Mass Spectrometry Imaging Source with Secondary Electron Imaging Capabilities for Use with timsTOF Instruments.

Mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) is a surface analysis technique that produces chemical images and is commonly used for biological and biomedical research. Multimodal imaging combines multiple imaging modes in order to get a more comprehensive view of a sample. Multimodal MSI images are often acquired using multiple MSI instruments, which leads to issues regarding image registration and increases the chance of sample damage or degradation during sample transfer.

Time-Resolved Imaging of High Mass Proteins and Metastable Fragments Using Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization, Axial Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry, and TPX3CAM.

The Timepix (TPX) is a position- and time-sensitive pixelated charge detector that can be coupled with time-of-flight mass spectrometry (TOF MS) in combination with microchannel plates (MCPs) for the spatially and temporally resolved detection of biomolecules. Earlier generation TPX detectors used in previous studies were limited by a moderate time resolution (at best 10 ns) and single-stop detection for each pixel that hampered the detection of ions with high mass-to-charge (/) values at high pixel occupancies. In this study, we have coupled an MCP-phosphor screen-TPX3CAM detection assembly that contains a silicon-coated TPX3 chip to a matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI)-axial TOF MS.

Fast Mass Microscopy: Mass Spectrometry Imaging of a Gigapixel Image in 34 Minutes.

Mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) maps the spatial distributions of chemicals on surfaces. MSI requires improvements in throughput and spatial resolution, and often one is compromised for the other. In microprobe-mode MSI, improvements in spatial resolution increase the imaging time quadratically, thus limiting the use of high spatial resolution MSI for large areas or sample cohorts and time-sensitive measurements.

Evaluation of the Sensitivity of Metabolic Profiling by Rapid Evaporative Ionization Mass Spectrometry: Toward More Radical Oral Cavity Cancer Resections.

Radical resection for patients with oral cavity cancer remains challenging. Rapid evaporative ionization mass spectrometry (REIMS) of electrosurgical vapors has been reported for real-time classification of normal and tumor tissues for numerous surgical applications. However, the infiltrative pattern of invasion of oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCC) challenges the ability of REIMS to detect low amounts of tumor cells.

Characterization of microchannel plate detector response for the detection of native multiply charged high mass single ions in orthogonal-time-of-flight mass spectrometry using a Timepix detector.

Time-of-flight (TOF) systems are one of the most widely used mass analyzers in native mass spectrometry (nMS) for the analysis of non-covalent multiply charged bio-macromolecular assemblies (MMAs). Typically, microchannel plates (MCPs) are employed for high mass native ion detection in TOF MS. MCPs are well known for their reduced detection efficiency when impinged by large slow moving ions.

The Psychology of Murder Concealment Acts.

The escalating trend of murder victim concealment worldwide appears worrying, and literature does not reveal any specific study focusing on victim concealment amongst convicted male Malaysian murderers. Therefore, this study was aimed at investigating the psychological traits that may underlie the act of murder concealment in Malaysia via mixed method approaches. Male murderers ( = 71) from 11 prisons were selected via purposive sampling technique.

Improving Accuracy and Confidence of Chemical Identification by Gas Chromatography/Vacuum Ultraviolet Spectroscopy-Mass Spectrometry: Parallel Gas Chromatography, Vacuum Ultraviolet, and Mass Spectrometry Library Searches.

Chemical identification often relies on matching measured chemical properties and/or spectral "fingerprints" of unknowns against their precompiled libraries. Chromatography, absorption spectroscopy, and mass spectrometry are all among analytical approaches that provide chemical measurement databases amenable to library searching. Occasionally, using conventional single-library or single-domain searches can lead to misidentification of unknowns.

The validity and reliability of the modified forgotten joint score.

We aim to validate the "Modified Forgotten Joint Score" (MFJS) as a new patient-reported outcome measure (PROM) in hip and knee arthroplasty, against the UK's gold standard Oxford Hip and Knee Scores (OHS/OKS). The original Forgotten Joint Score (FJS) (12 items) was created to assess post-arthroplasty joint awareness. We modified the FJS to 10-items to improve its reliability.

Vacuum Ultraviolet Spectroscopy and Mass Spectrometry: A Tandem Detection Approach for Improved Identification of Gas Chromatography-Eluting Compounds.

For wide class characterizations of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), conventional gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS)-based techniques are utilized. These GC-MS-based chemical identification approaches typically rely on library searches against ion fragmentation patterns of known compounds. Although MS library searches can often provide correct chemical identities, erroneous chemical assignments of structurally similar unknown compounds are also possible.

Robotic arm-assisted conventional unicompartmental knee arthroplasty: Exploratory secondary analysis of a randomised controlled trial.

Objectives: This study reports on a secondary exploratory analysis of the early clinical outcomes of a randomised clinical trial comparing robotic arm-assisted unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA) for medial compartment osteoarthritis of the knee with manual UKA performed using traditional surgical jigs. This follows reporting of the primary outcomes of implant accuracy and gait analysis that showed significant advantages in the robotic arm-assisted group.

Methods: A total of 139 patients were recruited from a single centre.

BAIBA Does Not Regulate UCP-3 Expression in Human Skeletal Muscle as a Response to Aerobic Exercise.

Objective: β-Aminoisobutyric acid (BAIBA) has shown to modulate uncoupling protein (UCP)-1 expression, which is mainly expressed in white adipose tissue; however, no studies to date have analyzed its potential effect on the main uncoupling protein of skeletal muscle, UCP-3. The main goal of this study was to assess the potential effect of acute aerobic exercise on serum BAIBA and skeletal muscle UCP-3. The secondary goal was to assess the potential involvement of the transcription factors proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC-1α) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα), as well as free fatty acids (FFAs) in UCP-3 expression.

Bone penetration of intravenous flucloxacillin and gentamicin as antibiotic prophylaxis during total hip and knee arthroplasty.

Aims: To investigate the bone penetration of intravenous antibiotic prophylaxis with flucloxacillin and gentamicin during hip and knee arthroplasty, and their efficacy against () and .

Patients And Methods: Bone samples from the femoral head, neck and acetabulum were collected from 18 patients undergoing total hip arthroplasty (THA) and from the femur and tibia in 21 patients during total knee arthroplasty (TKA). The concentration of both antibiotics in the samples was analysed using high performance liquid chromatography.

The virtual fracture clinic: Reducing unnecessary review of clavicle fractures.

Introduction: We re-designed the outpatient management of trauma at our institution to eliminate appointments if there would be no change in management or information provision. All cases referred by the Emergency Department (ED) were reviewed at a Virtual Fracture Clinic (VFC) by an orthopaedic consultant and telephoned afterwards by a senior nurse. If face-to-face review was required, it was arranged at a specialist shoulder clinic.

Noise characteristics in ceramic-on-ceramic vs. metal-on-polyethylene total hip arthroplasty: a comparative study.

Introduction: A comparison of noise in ceramic-on-ceramic (CoC) bearings and metal-on-polyethylene (MoP) bearings after total hip arthroplasty (THA) was undertaken. Noise associated with MoP implants is rarely reported and has not been linked to squeaking.

Methods: A noise characterising hip questionnaire and Oxford Hip Score (OHS) was sent to 1,000 THA patients; there were 509 respondents 282 CoC and 227 MoP; mean age 63.

Femoro Patella Vialla patellofemoral arthroplasty: An independent assessment of outcomes at minimum 2-year follow-up.

Aim: To determine outcomes using the Femoro-Patella Vialla (FPV) arthroplasty and if there is an ideal patient for this implant.

Methods: A total of 41 FPV patellofemoral joint replacements were performed in 31 patients (22 females, 9 males, mean age 65 years). Mean follow-up was 3.

Is renal medullary carcinoma the seventh nephropathy in sickle cell disease? A multi-center Nigerian survey.

Introduction: Previous studies had enlisted renal medullary carcinoma (RMC) as the seventh nephropathy in sickle cell disease (SCD). Clinical experience has contradicted this claim and this study is targeted at refuting or supporting this assumption.

Objective: To estimate the prevalence of RMC and describe other renal complications in SCD.